Century · 1501 – 1600
The world in the 16th century
From 1501 to 1600 the atlas holds 640 states standing at some time, 152 of them founded in it - Spain and Morocco the best known - and 144 ending in it. 507 wars, risings, treaties, discoveries and other events began - Eighty Years' War, St. Bartholomew's Day massacre and Battle of Lepanto the best known of the events; 828 people were born.
A century here is counted as Wikidata counts it, 1501 to 1600, and holds every row that began in it, however coarsely dated.
What began in the 16th century
By decade first - wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey - then by kind, the best known first.
Wars and battles 382
- Eighty Years' War · battle · 1568 – 1648
- Battle of Lepanto · battle · 1571
- Battle of Mohács · battle · 1526
- Livonian War · war · 1558 – 1583
- French Wars of Religion · war · 1562 – 1598
- Great Siege of Malta · battle · 1565
- Russo-Turkish wars · war · 1568 – 1918
- Siege of Vienna · battle · 1529
and 374 more in the atlas.
Regime change 1
- Honnō-ji Incident · adverse regime change · 1582
Unrest and atrocity 43
- St. Bartholomew's Day massacre · atrocity · 1572
- German Peasants' War · unrest · 1524 – 1525
- Stockholm Bloodbath · atrocity · 1520
- Swedish War of Liberation · unrest · 1521 – 1523
- Massacre of Vassy · atrocity · 1562
- Revolt of the Comuneros · unrest · 1520 – 1522
- Münster rebellion · unrest · 1534 – 1535
- Pilgrimage of Grace · unrest · 1536
and 35 more in the atlas.
Famine and plague 4
- Cocoliztli epidemics · plague · 1545 – 1631
- 1510 influenza pandemic · plague · 1510
- 1557 influenza pandemic · plague · 1557 – 1559
- 1563 London plague · plague · 1563 – 1564
Natural disasters 8
- 1556 Shaanxi earthquake · disaster · 1556
- 1509 Constantinople earthquake · disaster · 1509
- All Saints' Flood · disaster · 1570
- 1511 Idrija earthquake · disaster · 1511
- 1575 Valdivia earthquake · disaster · 1575
- St. Felix's flood · disaster · 1530
- 1570 Concepción earthquake · disaster · 1570
- The year-round heat and drought of 1540 in Europe · disaster · 1539 – 1540
Treaties 37
- Peace of Augsburg · treaty · 1555
- Union of Lublin · treaty · 1569
- Union of Utrecht · treaty · 1579
- Treaty of Zaragoza · treaty · 1529
- Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis · treaty · 1559
- Peace of Amasya · treaty · 1555
- Union of Arras · treaty · 1579
- Treaty of Cambrai · treaty · 1529
and 29 more in the atlas.
Works and ideas 32
- Cayman Islands · discovery · 1503
- Platinum · discovery · 1557
- Lutheranism · religion · 1517
- The Prince · literature · 1532
- Reformed Christianity · religion · 1519
- Hydrus · discovery · 1597
- Apus · discovery · 1598
- Chamaeleon · discovery · 1597
and 24 more in the atlas.
States founded and fallen
Founded 152
- Spain · state · 1516 – present
- Morocco · state · 1549 – present
- Macau · state · 1557
- British Empire · state · 1583 – 1997
- Prussia · state · 1525 – 1933
- Mughal Empire · state · 1526 – 1857
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth · state · 1569 – 1795
- Dutch Republic · state · 1581 – 1795
- French colonial empire · state · 1534 – 1980
- Tsardom of Russia · state · 1547 – 1721
- Habsburg monarchy · state · 1526 – 1918
- Safavid dynasty · state · 1501 – 1736
- Kingdom of Ireland · state · 1542 – 1801
- Denmark–Norway · state · 1536 – 1814
and 138 more in the atlas.
Ended 144
- Maya civilization · state · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Inca Empire · state · 1438 – 1572
- Golden Horde · state · 1243 – 1502
- Livonian language · state · 1422 – 1563
- Tenochtitlan · state · 1325 – 1521
- Timurid Empire · state · 1370 – 1507
- Delhi Sultanate · state · 1206 – 1526
- Kalmar Union · state · 1397 – 1523
- Grand Principality of Moscow · state · 1263 – 1547
- Mamluk Sultanate · state · 1250 – 1517
- Khanate of Kazan · state · 1438 – 1552
- Majapahit · state · 1293 – 1527
- Khanate of Sibir · state · 1490 – 1598
- Songhai Empire · state · 1464 – 1591
and 130 more in the atlas.
Born in the 16th century
The best known first, by how many Wikipedias write about them.
- William Shakespeare · poet · 1564 – 1616
- Galileo Galilei · inventor · 1564 – 1642
- René Descartes · astronomer · 1596 – 1650
- Miguel de Cervantes · poet · 1547 – 1616
- Elizabeth I · ruler · 1533 – 1603
- Francis Bacon · scientist · 1561 – 1626
- Johannes Kepler · inventor · 1572 – 1630
- Peter Paul Rubens · sculptor · 1577 – 1640
- Akbar · monarch · 1542 – 1605
- Diego Velázquez · painter · 1599 – 1660
- Thomas Hobbes · mathematician · 1588 – 1679
- Giordano Bruno · astronomer · 1548 – 1600
- Michel de Montaigne · philosopher · 1533 – 1592
- John Calvin · theologian · 1509 – 1564
- Lope de Vega · poet · 1562 – 1635
- Oliver Cromwell · military leader · 1599 – 1658
- Tycho Brahe · astronomer · 1546 – 1601
- Nostradamus · astronomer · 1503 – 1566
- Francis Drake · explorer · 1545 – 1596
- Ivan the Terrible · politician · 1530 – 1584
- Caravaggio · painter · 1571 – 1610
- Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina · composer · 1525 – 1594
- El Greco · architect · 1541 – 1614
- Luís de Camões · poet · 1525 – 1580
and 804 more in the atlas.
States of the 16th century
Every state that stood at some time in the 16th century, by region, the best known first.
Europe294 states
- France · 481 – present
- Spain · 1516 – present
- Sweden · 900 – present
- Denmark · 800 – present
- Andorra · 1278 – present
- Monaco · 1297 – present
- San Marino · 301 – present
- Holy Roman Empire · 962 – 1806
- British Empire · 1583 – 1997
- Prussia · 1525 – 1933
- Spanish Empire · 1402 – 1899
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth · 1569 – 1795
and 282 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa75 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Timurid Empire · 1370 – 1507
- Mamluk Sultanate · 1250 – 1517
- Safavid dynasty · 1501 – 1736
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975
- Songhai Empire · 1464 – 1591
- Safavid Iran · 1501 – 1736
- Aq Qoyunlu · 1378 – 1508
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- Hafsid dynasty · 1229 – 1574
and 63 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa35 states
- Mali Empire · 1235 – 1670
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888
- Mutapa Empire · 1430 – 1760
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897
- Buganda · 1420 – 1966
- Oyo Empire · 1400 – 1905
- Imerina · 1540 – 1897
- Adal Sultanate · 1415 – 1577
- Ajuran Sultanate · 1201 – 1700
- Ankole · 1500 – 1967
- Dutch Gold Coast · 1598 – 1872
and 23 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia110 states
- Kathmandu · 1202 – 1761
- Mughal Empire · 1526 – 1857
- Delhi Sultanate · 1206 – 1526
- Vijayanagara Empire · 1336 – 1646
- Chagatai Khanate · 1225 – 1687
- Khanate of Bukhara · 1500 – 1785
- Astrakhan Khanate · 1466 – 1556
- Kazakh Khanate · 1458 – 1847
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Nogai Horde · 1440 – 1634
- Pandya dynasty · 300 BCE – 1650 CE
- Bahmani Kingdom · 1347 – 1527
and 98 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia79 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present
- Macau · 1557
- Ming dynasty · 1368 – 1644
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897
- Majapahit · 1293 – 1527
- Champa · 192 – 1832
- Ayutthaya Kingdom · 1350 – 1767
- Sengoku period · 1467 – 1615
- Ryukyu Kingdom · 1429 – 1879
- Malacca Sultanate · 1400 – 1511
- Azuchi–Momoyama period · 1568 – 1600
- Lan Xang · 1354 – 1707
and 67 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania19 states
- Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Inca Empire · 1438 – 1572
- Tenochtitlan · 1325 – 1521
- Haudenosaunee · 1450 – 1782
- Aztec Empire · 1325 – 1521
- Tuʻi Tonga Empire · 951 – 1826
- Jesuit missions among the Guaraní · 1595 – 1768
- France Antarctique · 1555 – 1567
- Purépecha Empire · 1300 – 1530
- Neo-Inca State · 1537 – 1572
- Tlaxcala · 1348 – 1520
- Itza people · 1547 – 1699
and 7 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown28 states
- Rurikids · 862 – 1598
- Great Horde · 1433 – 1502
- Kingdom of Ndongo · 1518 – 1683
- Baban · 1600 – 1847
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Mughal dynasty · 1526
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach · 1572 – 1638
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Soran Emirate · 1530 – 1835
- Kingdom of Sitawaka · 1521 – 1594
- Möng Mao · 560 – 1604
and 16 more; every state of Location unknown.
Its decades and years
The decades and years with a page of their own.
- 1501
- 1502
- 1503
- 1504
- 1505
- 1506
- 1507
- 1508
- 1509
- 1510
- 1511
- 1512
- 1513
- 1514
- 1515
- 1516
- 1517
- 1518
- 1519
- 1520
- 1521
- 1522
- 1523
- 1524
- 1525
- 1526
- 1527
- 1528
- 1529
- 1530
- 1531
- 1532
- 1533
- 1534
- 1535
- 1536
- 1537
- 1538
- 1539
- 1540
- 1541
- 1542
- 1543
- 1544
- 1545
- 1546
- 1547
- 1548
- 1549
- 1550
- 1551
- 1552
- 1553
- 1554
- 1555
- 1556
- 1557
- 1558
- 1559
- 1560
- 1561
- 1562
- 1563
- 1564
- 1565
- 1566
- 1567
- 1568
- 1569
- 1570
- 1571
- 1572
- 1573
- 1574
- 1575
- 1576
- 1577
- 1578
- 1579
- 1580
- 1581
- 1582
- 1583
- 1584
- 1585
- 1586
- 1587
- 1588
- 1589
- 1590
- 1591
- 1592
- 1593
- 1594
- 1595
- 1596
- 1597
- 1598
- 1599
- 1600
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1500 – 1600: every state, war and life of the 16th century, region by region.
- On the map in 1550: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.