Pastlasby Oleh Voronko

State · 1243 – 1502

Golden Horde

A state of 1243 – 1502 — 259 years in Europe. It was followed by Principality of Moldavia and Great Horde. The atlas records 21 things within it — wars and battles 3 · people 18. Its line of rulers holds 28 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood
259 years
1243 – 1502
Rulers
28
the khan
Most ground
4.92 million km²
in 1294
Within it
21
recorded rows
Map: Golden Horde in 1294, its borders in gold among its neighbours
Golden Horde in 1294, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 4.92 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.
Golden Horde in 1294, at its largest

1294 · at its largest · 4.92 million km²

Golden Horde in 1468, last mapped

1468 · last mapped · 548,100 km²

The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

3000 BCE2000 BCE1000 BCE110002000Principality of Moldavia: 1346 – 1859Great Horde: 1433 – 1502Golden Horde: 1243 – 1502

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

After it

Rulers

The line of khan.

Batu Khan · 1227 – 1255 · died in office, manner not recordedSartaq Khan · 1255 – 1256 · left office aliveUlaghchi · 1256 – 1257 · died in office, manner not recordedBerke · 1257 – 1266 · died in battleMengu-Timur · 1266 – 1280 · died in office, manner not recordedTuda Mengu · 1280 – 1287 · died in office, manner not recordedTalabuga · 1287 – 1290 · no death date to read the end againstToqta · 1290 – 1312 · died in office, manner not recordedÖzbeg Khan · 1312 – 1341 · died in office, manner not recordedTini Beg · 1341 – 1342 · no death date to read the end againstJani Beg · 1342 – 1357 · died in office, manner not recordedBerdi Beg · 1357 – 1359 · killedQulpa · 1359 – 1360 · died in office, manner not recordedNawruz Beg · 1360 – 1360 · died in office, manner not recordedMahmud Khizr · 1360 – 1361 · died in office, manner not recordedTimur Khoja · 1361 – 1361 · died in office, manner not recordedUrdu Malik · 1361 – 1361 · died in office, manner not recordedKildibeg · 1361 – 1362 · died in office, manner not recordedAbdallāh · 1362 – 1362 · left office aliveMurad Khan · 1362 – 1362 · left office aliveKhayr Pulad · 1362 – 1364 · left office aliveAziz Xaikh · 1364 – 1367 · died in office, manner not recordedAbdallāh · 1367 – 1369 · left office aliveMuhammad Sultan · 1371 – 1373 · left office aliveUrus Khan · 1373 – 1373 · left office aliveIl Beg · 1374 – 1374 · died in office, manner not recordedMuhammad Sultan · 1374 – 1374 · left office aliveKaganbeg · 1375 – 1377 · died in office, manner not recordedArabsharkh khan · 1377 – 1380 · died in office, manner not recordedTokhtamysh · 1380 – 1395 · left office alive125013001350140014501500
killed, executed or dead in battledied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on record
RulerReignLengthHow it ended · sourceTo the ruler before
Batu Khan1227 – 125528 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Sartaq Khan1255 – 12561 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alonechild
Ulaghchi1256 – 12571 yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alonechild
Berke1257 – 12669 yearsdied in battleWikidata's manner of death
Mengu-Timur1266 – 128014 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Tuda Mengu1280 – 12877 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alonesibling
Talabuga1287 – 12903 yearsending not on record
Toqta1290 – 131222 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Özbeg Khan1312 – 134129 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Tini Beg1341 – 13421 yearending not on recordchild
Jani Beg1342 – 135715 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alonesibling
Berdi Beg1357 – 13592 yearskilledWikidata's manner of deathchild
Qulpa1359 – 13601 yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alonesibling
Nawruz Beg1360 – 1360under a yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alonesibling
Mahmud Khizr1360 – 13611 yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Timur Khoja1361 – 1361under a yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alonechild
Urdu Malik1361 – 1361under a yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Kildibeg1361 – 13621 yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Abdallāh1362 – 1362under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Murad Khan1362 – 1362under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Khayr Pulad1362 – 13642 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Aziz Xaikh1364 – 13673 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Abdallāh1367 – 13692 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Muhammad Sultan1371 – 13732 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alonechild
Urus Khan1373 – 1373under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Il Beg1374 – 1374under a yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Muhammad Sultan1374 – 1374under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Kaganbeg1375 – 13772 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Arabsharkh khan1377 – 13803 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Tokhtamysh1380 – 139515 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone

28 rulers, 28 with terms dated as terms, covering 1227 – 1395. Median reign 2 years. 2 of 29 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

135014001450

4.92 million km² in 1303, 548,100 km² in 1493; at its largest 4.92 million km² in 1303. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1200 – 1299: 8 recorded — 0 wars and battles, 0 risings, regime changes and massacres, 8 other12001300 – 1399: 11 recorded — 2 wars and battles, 0 risings, regime changes and massacres, 9 other13001400 – 1499: 2 recorded — 1 wars and battles, 0 risings, regime changes and massacres, 1 other14001500 – 1599: 0 recorded — 0 wars and battles, 0 risings, regime changes and massacres, 0 other1500

1200 – 12998 rows

1300 – 139911 rows · 2 wars and battles

and 3 more in the atlas.

1400 – 14992 rows · 1 wars and battles

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

  • How long it stood259 years

    stood longer than 70% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.

  • The most ground it held4,918,000 km²

    held more ground at its peak than 97% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.

  • Wars recorded per century0.4

    had more wars on record per century than 90% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.

  • How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years

    had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.

  • Rulers on record28

    has more rulers on record than 94% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 7 causes the record names and 2 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

Battle of Legnica · Linked · 1241Battle of LegnicaMongol Empire · Linked · 1206 – 1368Mongol EmpireShiban · Coincidence · 1210 – 1248ShibanGolden Horde · 1243 – 1502Golden HordeGreat Horde · Linked · 1433 – 1502Great HordePrincipality of Moldavia · Linked · 1346 – 1859Principality of Moldavia1200140016001800
linkedcoincidence

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

Wikidata Q79965 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.