State · 1526 – 1857

Mughal Empire

A state of 1526 – 1857 — 331 years in South Asia. It followed Delhi Sultanate, Deccan sultanates and Bengal Sultanate and 2 more. It was replaced by Company rule in India, Bahawalpur State and Cambay State and 4 more and followed by British Raj, Maratha Empire and Sikh Empire and 3 more. The atlas records 98 things within it — wars and battles 50 · unrest and atrocity 1 · famine and plague 1 · people 45 · works and ideas 1. Its line of rulers holds 20 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 331 years; 1526 – 1857
Rulers: 20; the Mughal emperor
Most ground: 3.77 million km²; in 1700
Within it: 98; recorded rows
Symbol: 1; on record, with years

Map: Mughal Empire in 1700, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Mughal Empire in 1700, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 3.77 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Mughal Empire in 1529, first mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Mughal Empire in 1700, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Delhi Sultanate · follows · 1206 – 1526
Deccan sultanates · follows · 1527 – 1686
Bengal Sultanate · follows · 1352 – 1576
Chero dynasty · follows
Gajapati Empire · follows · 1434 – 1541

After it

Cambay State · replaced by · 1730 – 1948
Gondal State · replaced by · 1634 – 1949
Jhabua State · replaced by · 1584 – 1948
Company rule in India · replaced by · 1757 – 1858
Second Anglo-Sikh War · followed by · 1848 – 1849
British Raj · followed by · 1858 – 1947
Bengal Subah · followed by
Durrani Empire · followed by · 1747 – 1826
Sikh Empire · followed by · 1733 – 1849
Maratha Empire · followed by · 1674 – 1818
Kalhora dynasty · replaced by · 1701 – 1782
Bahawalpur State · replaced by · 1690 – 1955
Nabha State · replaced by · 1763 – 1947

Rulers

The line of Mughal emperor.

killed, executed or dead in battledeposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular road

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Babur	1526 – 1531	5 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Humayun	1531 – 1540	9 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Humayun	1555 – 1556	1 year	died by accidentWikidata's manner of death
Akbar	1556 – 1605	49 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death	child
Jahangir I	1605 – 1627	22 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Shah Jahan	1628 – 1658	30 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Aurangzeb	1658 – 1707	49 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Muhammad Azam Shah	1707 – 1707	under a year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Bahadur Shah I	1707 – 1712	5 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Jahandar Shah	1712 – 1713	1 year	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Farrukhsiyar	1713 – 1719	6 years	executedWikidata's manner of death	nephew or niece
Rafi ud-Darajat	1719 – 1719	under a year	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Shah Jahan II	1719 – 1719	under a year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Muhammad Shah	1719 – 1748	29 years	killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Ahmad Shah Bahadur	1748 – 1754	6 years	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child
Alamgir II	1754 – 1759	5 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Shah Jahan III	1759 – 1760	1 year	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Shah Alam II	1760 – 1788	28 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Jahan Shah	1788 – 1788	under a year	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Shah Alam II	1788 – 1806	18 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Akbar II	1806 – 1837	31 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Bahadur Shah Zafar	1837 – 1857	20 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child

20 rulers, 20 with terms dated as terms, covering 1526 – 1857. Median reign 6 years. 8 of 21 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

316,700 km² in 1551, 600 km² in 1857; at its largest 3.77 million km² in 1701. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flag or arms

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

seal, undatedImperial Seal of the Mughal Empire · CC BY-SA 3.0 · TRAJAN 117 This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape .

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1500 – 159911 rows · 4 wars and battles

Akbar · ruler · 1542 – 1605
Shah Jahan · ruler · 1592 – 1666
Jahangir I · ruler · 1569 – 1627
Humayun · ruler · 1508 – 1556
Guru Arjan · religious leader · 1563 – 1606
Abul Fazl · politician · 1551 – 1602
Din-i Ilahi · religion · 1580
Second Battle of Panipat · battle · 1556

and 3 more in the atlas.

1600 – 169948 rows · 22 wars and battles

Aurangzeb · ruler · 1618 – 1707
Guru Gobind Singh · philosopher · 1666 – 1708
Bahadur Shah I · ruler · 1643 – 1712
Farrukhsiyar · ruler · 1685 – 1719
Guru Tegh Bahadur · religious leader · 1621 – 1675
Jahandar Shah · ruler · 1661 – 1713
Alamgir II · ruler · 1699 – 1759
Tarabai · politician · 1675 – 1761

and 40 more in the atlas.

1700 – 179935 rows · 22 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres

Mirza Ghalib · writer · 1797 – 1869
Bahadur Shah Zafar · ruler · 1775 – 1862
Shah Alam II · ruler · 1728 – 1806
Muhammad Shah · ruler · 1702 – 1747
Ahmad Shah Bahadur · ruler · 1725 – 1775
Akbar II · ruler · 1760 – 1837
Ahilyabai Holkar · politician · 1725 – 1795
Shah Jahan III · ruler · 1711 – 1772

and 27 more in the atlas.

1800 – 18993 rows · 2 wars and battles

Syed Ahmad Khan · philosopher · 1817 – 1898
Siege of Delhi · battle · 1857
Battle of Agra · battle · 1857

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood331 years
stood longer than 76% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held3,767,600 km²
held more ground at its peak than 96% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per century1.5
had more wars on record per century than 96% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median6 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 22% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record20
has more rulers on record than 91% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 7 causes the record names and 8 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linkedcoincidence

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1493 – 1890, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1700, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q33296 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.