Decade · 1990 – 1999
The world in the 1990s
From 1990 to 1999 the atlas holds 314 states standing at some time. 473 things began - Russia, Germany and Ukraine among them - and 141 ended; 64 people were born and 566 died.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 1990s
By kind, the best known first.
States 59
- Russia · state · 1991 – present
- Germany · state · 1990 – present
- Ukraine · state · 1991 – present
- Albania · state · 1992 – present
- Azerbaijan · state · 1991 – present
- Bulgaria · state · 1990 – present
- Belarus · state · 1991 – present
- Croatia · state · 1991 – present
and 51 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 142
- Gulf War · war · 1990 – 1991
- Bosnian War · war · 1992 – 1995
- First Chechen War · war · 1994 – 1996
- Kosovo War · war · 1998 – 1999
- Croatian War of Independence · war · 1991 – 1995
- Second Chechen War · war · 1999 – 2009
- Yugoslav Wars · war · 1991 – 2001
- NATO bombing of Yugoslavia · battle · 1999
and 134 more in the atlas.
Regime change 26
- 1993 Russian constitutional crisis · adverse regime change · 1992 – 1993
- 1999 Pakistani coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1999
- Black May · adverse regime change · 1992
- 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1993
- 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1991 – 1992
- 1991 Haitian coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1991
- 1999 Nigerien coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1999
- 1991 Lesotho coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1991
and 18 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 133
- Rwandan genocide · atrocity · 1994
- Srebrenica massacre · atrocity · 1995
- 1991 Soviet coup attempt · unrest · 1991
- Columbine High School massacre · atrocity · 1999
- Khojaly massacre · atrocity · 1992
- Oklahoma City bombing · atrocity · 1995
- 1992 Los Angeles riots · unrest · 1992
- January Events · unrest · 1991
and 125 more in the atlas.
Famine and plague 1
- 1990s North Korean famine · famine · 1994 – 2000
Natural disasters 24
- 1995 Hanshin earthquake · disaster · 1995
- 1999 İzmit earthquake · disaster · 1999
- 1999 Jiji earthquake · disaster · 1999
- 1994 Northridge earthquake · disaster · 1994
- 1997 Central European flood · disaster · 1997
- 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake · disaster · 1990
- 1997 Qayen earthquake · disaster · 1997
- 1991 Racha earthquake · disaster · 1991
and 16 more in the atlas.
Treaties 57
- Dayton Agreement · treaty · 1995
- Rome Statute · treaty · 1998
- Convention on Biological Diversity · treaty · 1992
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change · treaty · 1992
- Chemical Weapons Convention · treaty · 1993
- Good Friday Agreement · treaty · 1998
- Budapest Memorandum · treaty · 1994
- Belovezha Accords · treaty · 1991
and 49 more in the atlas.
Works and ideas 31
- Web browser · discovery · 1990
- Darmstadtium · discovery · 1994
- Roentgenium · discovery · 1994
- Copernicium · discovery · 1996
- Flerovium · discovery · 1999
- Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone · literature · 1997
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets · literature · 1998
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban · literature · 1999
and 23 more in the atlas.
What ended in the 1990s
States 63
- Soviet Union · state · 1923 – 1991
- Yugoslavia · state · 1918 – 1992
- British Empire · state · 1583 – 1997
- Czechoslovakia · state · 1918 – 1992
- East Germany · state · 1949 – 1990
- West Germany · state · 1949 – 1990
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic · state · 1917 – 1991
- Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic · state · 1920 – 1991
and 55 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 64
- Cold War · war · 1945 – 1991
- Gulf War · war · 1990 – 1991
- Bosnian War · war · 1992 – 1995
- First Chechen War · war · 1994 – 1996
- Kosovo War · war · 1998 – 1999
- First Nagorno-Karabakh War · war · 1988 – 1994
- Croatian War of Independence · war · 1991 – 1995
- Lebanese Civil War · war · 1975 – 1990
and 56 more in the atlas.
Regime change 2
- 1993 Russian constitutional crisis · adverse regime change · 1992 – 1993
- 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1991 – 1992
Unrest and atrocity 9
- First Intifada · unrest · 1987 – 1993
- Nicaraguan Revolution · unrest · 1961 – 1990
- Foča ethnic cleansing · atrocity · 1992 – 1994
- Drenica massacres · atrocity · 1998 – 1999
- Bombay riots · unrest · 1992 – 1993
- East Timor genocide · atrocity · 1975 – 1999
- Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing · atrocity · 1992 – 1993
- Communist insurgency in Sarawak · unrest · 1962 – 1990
and 1 more in the atlas.
Treaties 3
- Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics · treaty · 1922 – 1991
- Basic Treaty · treaty · 1972 – 1990
- General Treaty · treaty · 1952 – 1991
Born and died
Born 64
- Malala Yousafzai · writer · born 1997
- Zohran Mamdani · politician · born 1991
- Charlie Kirk · writer · 1993 – 2025
- Tiffany Trump · scientist · born 1993
- Jordan Bardella · politician · born 1995
- Roman Protasevich · writer · born 1995
- Hiba Abu Nada · poet · 1991 – 2023
- Darya Dugina · politician · 1992 – 2022
- Ihor Kostenko · writer · 1991 – 2014
- Mykhailo Fedorov · politician · born 1991
- Karoline Leavitt · politician · born 1997
- Nick Fuentes · politician · born 1998
- Yaryna Chornohuz · poet · born 1995
- Regina Todorenko · composer · born 1990
- Yana Zinkevych · physician · born 1995
- Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein · person · born 1995
and 48 more in the atlas.
Died 566
- Mother Teresa · religious leader · 1910 – 1997
- Richard Nixon · statesperson · 1913 – 1994
- Akira Kurosawa · painter · 1910 – 1998
- Isaac Asimov · writer · 1920 – 1992
- Federico Fellini · writer · 1920 – 1993
- Kim Il Sung · politician · 1912 – 1994
- Stanley Kubrick · writer · 1928 – 1999
- Satyajit Ray · composer · 1921 – 1992
- Carl Sagan · astronomer · 1934 – 1996
- Deng Xiaoping · head of state · 1904 – 1997
- François Mitterrand · politician · 1916 – 1996
- Pol Pot · politician · 1925 – 1998
- Karl Popper · mathematician · 1902 – 1994
- Joseph Brodsky · poet · 1940 – 1996
- Willy Brandt · politician · 1913 – 1992
- Octavio Paz · philosopher · 1914 – 1998
and 550 more in the atlas.
States of the 1990s
The states that stood at some time in the 1990s, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 1990.
Europe85 states
- France · 481 – present · François Mitterrand, President of the French Republic since 1981
- Russia · 1991 – present
- Italy · 1946 – present · Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy since 1985
- Germany · 1990 – present · Richard von Weizsäcker, president of Germany since 1984
- Finland · 1917 – present · Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland since 1982
- Spain · 1516 – present · Juan Carlos I, Monarch of Spain since 1975
- United Kingdom · 1927 – present · Elizabeth II, Monarch of the United Kingdom since 1952
- Norway · 1905 – present · Olav V, Monarch of Norway since 1957
and 77 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa51 states
- Turkey · 1923 – present · Turgut Özal, President of Turkey since 1989
- Egypt · 1953 – present · Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt since 1981
- Israel · 1948 – present · Chaim Herzog, President of Israel since 1983
- Iran · 1979 – present · Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran since 1989
- Algeria · 1962 – present · Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria since 1979
- Azerbaijan · 1991 – present
- Armenia · 1991 – present
- Iraq · 1932 – present · Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq since 1979
and 43 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa57 states
- South Africa · 1961 – present
- Nigeria · 1963 – present · Ibrahim Babangida, President of Nigeria since 1985
- Ethiopia · 1995 – present · Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia since 1977
- Kenya · 1964 – present · Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya since 1978
- Democratic Republic of the Congo · 1960 – present · Mobutu Sese Seko, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1965
- Somalia · 1960 – present · Siad Barre, President of Somalia since 1969
- Ghana · 1960 – present · Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana since 1981
- Angola · 1992 – present · José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola since 1979
and 49 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia31 states
- India · 1950 – present · Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India since 1987
- Pakistan · 1956 – present · Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan since 1988
- Kazakhstan · 1991 – present
- Bangladesh · 1971 – present · Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh since 1983 and Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh since 1990
- Kyrgyzstan · 1991 – present · Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan since 1990
- Sri Lanka · 1972 – present · Ranasinghe Premadasa, President of Sri Lanka since 1989
- Uzbekistan · 1991 – present
- Tajikistan · 1929 – present · Qahhor Mahkamov, president of Tajikistan since 1990
and 23 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia36 states
- Japan · 1947 – present · Akihito, Emperor of Japan since 1989
- People's Republic of China · 1949 – present · Jiang Zemin, Paramount leader since 1989
- Vietnam · 1976 – present
- Indonesia · 1945 – present · Suharto, President of Indonesia since 1967
- South Korea · 1948 – present · Roh Tae-woo, President of South Korea since 1988
- Thailand · 1932 – present · Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand since 1946
- Malaysia · 1963 – present · Azlan Shah of Perak, Yang di-Pertuan Agong since 1989
- Philippines · 1946 – present · Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines since 1986
and 28 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania50 states
- United States · 1776 – present · George H. W. Bush, President of the United States since 1989
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico since 1988
- Australia · 1901 – present · Elizabeth II, monarch of Australia since 1952 and Bill Hayden, monarch of Australia since 1989
- Canada · 1867 – present · Elizabeth II, monarch of Canada since 1952
- Brazil · 1889 – present · José Sarney, President of Brazil since 1985 and Fernando Collor de Mello, President of Brazil since 1990
- Chile · 1810 – present · Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile since 1981 and Patricio Aylwin, President of Chile since 1990
- Argentina · 1861 – present · Carlos Menem, President of Argentina since 1989
- Colombia · 1810 – present · Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia since 1986 and César Gaviria, President of Colombia since 1990
and 42 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown4 states
- United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium · 1996 – 1998
- SAO Western Slavonia · 1990 – 1992
- Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia · 1995 – 1998
- Democratic People's Republic of Angola · 1975 – 2002
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1970 – 2019: every state, war and life of the 1990s, region by region.
- On the map in 1995: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.