Pastlasby Oleh Voronko

State · 1810 – present

Colombia

A state of 1810 – present — 216 years, still standing in the Americas and Oceania. It replaced United States of Colombia and Mosquitia. The atlas records 90 things within it — wars and battles 7 · unrest and atrocity 6 · famine and plague 1 · natural disasters 4 · treaties 3 · people 69. Its line of rulers holds 68 people.

  • Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood
216 years
and still standing
Rulers
68
the President of Colombia
Most ground
1.23 million km²
in 1866
Within it
90
recorded rows
Symbols
2
on record, with years
Map: Colombia in 1866, its borders in gold among its neighbours
Colombia in 1866, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 1.23 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Where it sits in time

3000 BCE2000 BCE1000 BCE110002000United States of Colombia: 1863 – 1886Colombia: 1810 – 2026

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Rulers

The line of President of Colombia - the office this state names as its head of state.

Camilo Torres Tenorio · 1812 – 1814 · left office aliveCustodio García Rovira · 1814 – 1815 · left office aliveJosé Miguel Pey · 1815 – 1815 · left office aliveSimón Bolívar · 1819 – 1830 · died in office of natural causesJerónimo de Mendoza Galavís · 1831 – 1831 · left office aliveDomingo Caycedo · 1831 – 1831 · deposed, the article saysFrancisco de Paula Santander · 1832 – 1837 · left office alivePedro Alcántara Herrán · 1841 – 1845 · left office aliveJosé María Obando · 1853 – 1854 · deposed, the article saysFrancisco Obregón · 1854 – 1854 · left office aliveJosé María Melo · 1854 – 1854 · deposed, the article saysJosé de Obaldía · 1854 – 1855 · left office aliveMariano Ospina Rodríguez · 1858 – 1861 · left office aliveBartolomé Calvo · 1861 – 1861 · left office aliveJuan José Nieto Gil · 1861 – 1861 · left office aliveLeonardo Canal González · 1862 – 1862 · left office aliveFroilán Largacha · 1863 – 1863 · left office aliveTomás Cipriano de Mosquera · 1863 – 1864 · left office aliveJosé María Rojas Garrido · 1866 – 1866 · left office aliveTomás Cipriano de Mosquera · 1866 – 1867 · left office aliveJoaquín Riascos · 1867 – 1867 · left office aliveSantos Acosta · 1867 – 1868 · left office aliveSantos Gutiérrez · 1868 – 1870 · left office aliveEustorgio Salgar · 1870 – 1872 · left office aliveManuel Murillo Toro · 1872 – 1874 · left office aliveSantiago Pérez de Manosalbas · 1874 – 1876 · left office aliveManuel María Ramírez Fortoul · 1877 – 1877 · left office aliveJulián Trujillo Largacha · 1878 – 1880 · left office aliveClímaco Calderón · 1882 – 1882 · left office aliveFrancisco Javier Zaldúa · 1882 – 1882 · died in office, manner not recordedJosé Eusebio Otalora · 1882 – 1884 · died in office, manner not recordedEzequiel Hurtado · 1884 – 1884 · left office aliveRafael Núñez · 1886 – 1894 · died in office of natural causesEliseo Payán · 1887 – 1888 · left office aliveMiguel Antonio Caro · 1892 – 1898 · left office aliveManuel Antonio Sanclemente · 1898 – 1900 · deposed, the article saysJosé Manuel Marroquín · 1900 – 1904 · left office aliveRafael Reyes · 1904 – 1909 · left office aliveEuclídes de Angulo · 1908 – 1908 · left office aliveJorge Holguín · 1909 – 1909 · left office aliveRamón González Valencia · 1909 – 1910 · left office aliveJosé Vicente Concha · 1914 – 1918 · left office aliveMarco Fidel Suárez · 1918 – 1921 · left office aliveJorge Holguín · 1921 – 1922 · left office alivePedro Nel Ospina Vázquez · 1922 – 1926 · left office aliveMiguel Abadía Méndez · 1926 – 1930 · left office aliveEnrique Olaya Herrera · 1930 – 1934 · left office aliveEduardo Santos Montejo · 1938 – 1942 · left office aliveAlfonso López Pumarejo · 1942 – 1946 · left office aliveMariano Ospina Pérez · 1946 – 1950 · left office aliveLaureano Gómez · 1950 – 1951 · left office aliveGustavo Rojas Pinilla · 1953 – 1957 · deposed, the article saysGabriel París Gordillo · 1957 – 1958 · left office aliveAlberto Lleras Camargo · 1958 – 1962 · left office aliveGuillermo León Valencia · 1962 – 1966 · left office aliveCarlos Lleras Restrepo · 1966 – 1970 · left office aliveMisael Pastrana Borrero · 1970 – 1974 · left office aliveAlfonso López Michelsen · 1974 – 1978 · lost an election, the article saysJulio César Turbay Ayala · 1978 – 1982 · left office aliveBelisario Betancur · 1982 – 1986 · resigned or stood down, the article saysVirgilio Barco Vargas · 1986 – 1990 · left office aliveCésar Gaviria · 1990 – 1994 · no death date to read the end againstErnesto Samper · 1994 – 1998 · no death date to read the end againstCarlos Lemos Simmonds · 1998 – 1998 · left office aliveAndrés Pastrana Arango · 1998 – 2002 · resigned or stood down, the article saysÁlvaro Uribe · 2002 – 2010 · no death date to read the end againstJuan Manuel Santos · 2010 – 2018 · resigned or stood down, the article saysIván Duque · 2018 – 2022 · no death date to read the end againstGustavo Petro · 2022 – 2026 · no death date to read the end againstAbelardo de la Espriella · 2026 – … · still in office1850190019502000
deposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roadstill in officeending not on recorda second row: a reign that began before the last had ended — rival claimants, or a shared throne
RulerReignLengthHow it ended · sourceTo the ruler before
Camilo Torres Tenorio1812 – 18142 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Custodio García Rovira1814 – 18151 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
José Miguel Pey1815 – 1815under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Simón Bolívar1819 – 183011 yearsdied in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Jerónimo de Mendoza Galavís1831 – 1831under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Domingo Caycedo1831 – 1831under a yeardeposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Francisco de Paula Santander1832 – 18375 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Pedro Alcántara Herrán1841 – 18454 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
José María Obando1853 – 18541 yeardeposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Francisco Obregón1854 – 1854under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
José María Melo1854 – 1854under a yeardeposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
José de Obaldía1854 – 18551 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Mariano Ospina Rodríguez1858 – 18613 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Bartolomé Calvo1861 – 1861under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Juan José Nieto Gil1861 – 1861under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Leonardo Canal González1862 – 1862under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Froilán Largacha1863 – 1863under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera1863 – 18641 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
José María Rojas Garrido1866 – 1866under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera1866 – 18671 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Joaquín Riascos1867 – 1867under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Santos Acosta1867 – 18681 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Santos Gutiérrez1868 – 18702 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Eustorgio Salgar1870 – 18722 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Manuel Murillo Toro1872 – 18742 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas1874 – 18762 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Manuel María Ramírez Fortoul1877 – 1877under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Julián Trujillo Largacha1878 – 18802 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Clímaco Calderón1882 – 1882under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Francisco Javier Zaldúa1882 – 1882under a yeardied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
José Eusebio Otalora1882 – 18842 yearsdied in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Ezequiel Hurtado1884 – 1884under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Rafael Núñez1886 – 18948 yearsdied in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Eliseo Payán1887 – 18881 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Miguel Antonio Caro1892 – 18986 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Manuel Antonio Sanclemente1898 – 19002 yearsdeposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
José Manuel Marroquín1900 – 19044 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Rafael Reyes1904 – 19095 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Euclídes de Angulo1908 – 1908under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Jorge Holguín1909 – 1909under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Ramón González Valencia1909 – 19101 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
José Vicente Concha1914 – 19184 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Marco Fidel Suárez1918 – 19213 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Jorge Holguín1921 – 19221 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez1922 – 19264 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Miguel Abadía Méndez1926 – 19304 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Enrique Olaya Herrera1930 – 19344 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Eduardo Santos Montejo1938 – 19424 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Alfonso López Pumarejo1942 – 19464 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Mariano Ospina Pérez1946 – 19504 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Laureano Gómez1950 – 19511 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla1953 – 19574 yearsdeposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Gabriel París Gordillo1957 – 19581 yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Alberto Lleras Camargo1958 – 19624 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Guillermo León Valencia1962 – 19664 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Carlos Lleras Restrepo1966 – 19704 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Misael Pastrana Borrero1970 – 19744 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Alfonso López Michelsen1974 – 19784 yearslost an election, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Julio César Turbay Ayala1978 – 19824 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Belisario Betancur1982 – 19864 yearsresigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Virgilio Barco Vargas1986 – 19904 yearsleft office aliveread off the dates alone
César Gaviria1990 – 19944 yearsending not on record
Ernesto Samper1994 – 19984 yearsending not on record
Carlos Lemos Simmonds1998 – 1998under a yearleft office aliveread off the dates alone
Andrés Pastrana Arango1998 – 20024 yearsresigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Álvaro Uribe2002 – 20108 yearsending not on record
Juan Manuel Santos2010 – 20188 yearsresigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Iván Duque2018 – 20224 yearsending not on record
Gustavo Petro2022 – 20264 yearsending not on record
Abelardo de la Espriella2026 – in officein office since 2026still in office

68 rulers, 68 with terms dated as terms, covering 1812 – 2026. Median reign 2 years. 10 of 69 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.95, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

190019502000

1.23 million km² in 1870, 1.16 million km² in 2020; at its largest 1.23 million km² in 1870. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flags and arms, in order

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

  • Flag of Colombia
    flag, from 1861Flag of Colombia · Public domain
  • Coat of arms of Colombia
    coat of arms, from 1925Coat of arms of Colombia · Public domain

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1800 – 1899: 43 recorded — 3 wars and battles, 1 risings, regime changes and massacres, 39 other18001900 – 1999: 34 recorded — 3 wars and battles, 3 risings, regime changes and massacres, 28 other19002000 – 2099: 6 recorded — 1 wars and battles, 2 risings, regime changes and massacres, 3 other2000

1800 – 189943 rows · 3 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres

and 35 more in the atlas.

1900 – 199934 rows · 3 wars and battles · 3 risings, regime changes and massacres

and 26 more in the atlas.

2000 – 20996 rows · 1 wars and battles · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

  • How long it stood216 years

    stood longer than 64% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.

  • The most ground it held1,228,700 km²

    held more ground at its peak than 86% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.

  • Wars recorded per century1.9

    had more wars on record per century than 97% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.

  • How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years

    had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.

  • Rulers on record68

    has more rulers on record than 99% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 8 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

Mosquitia · Linked · 1687 – 1894MosquitiaSaint-Domingue · In the article · 1626 · “This movement followed the independence of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) in 1804, which provided some support to an eventual leader of this rebellion: Si…”Saint-DomingueUnited Provinces of New Granada · Coincidence · 181 – 1816United Provinces of New GranadaManuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal · Coincidence · 1743 – 1816Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del C…José Fernández Madrid · Coincidence · 1789 – 1830José Fernández MadridLiborio Mejía · Coincidence · 1792 – 1816Liborio MejíaColombia · 1810 – 2026Colombia500100015002000
in the articlelinkedcoincidence

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

Wikidata Q739 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.