State · 1821 – present
Mexico
A state of 1821 – present — 205 years, still standing in the Americas and Oceania. It replaced First Mexican Empire, Republic of Yucatán and Restored Republic and 1 more. The atlas records 127 things within it — wars and battles 22 · regime change 1 · unrest and atrocity 10 · famine and plague 2 · natural disasters 9 · treaties 6 · people 76 · works and ideas 1. Its line of rulers holds 64 people, 62 with dated terms.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 205 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 64
- the President of Mexico
- Most ground
- 3.19 million km²
- in 1824
- Within it
- 127
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 8
- on record, with years
1824 · at its largest · 3.19 million km²
1920 · last mapped · 2.00 million km²
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- New Spain · replaces
- First Mexican Empire · replaces · 1822 – 1823
- Restored Republic · replaces · 1867 – 1876
- Republic of Yucatán · replaces · 1841 – 1848
Rulers
The line of President of Mexico - the office this state names as its head of state.
1 terms are shared from [object Object].
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guadalupe Victoria | 1824 – 1829 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José María Bocanegra | 1829 – 1829 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Vicente Guerrero | 1829 – 1829 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pedro Vélez | 1829 – 1829 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Anastasio Bustamante | 1830 – 1832 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Melchor Múzquiz | 1832 – 1832 | under a year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Manuel Gómez Pedraza | 1832 – 1833 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | 1833 – 1833 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Valentín Gómez Farías | 1833 – 1833 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna · from the line of First Mexican Republic | 1834 – 1835 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Miguel Barragán | 1835 – 1836 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| José Justo Corro | 1836 – 1837 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Anastasio Bustamante | 1837 – 1839 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | 1839 – 1839 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolás Bravo | 1839 – 1839 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Anastasio Bustamante | 1839 – 1841 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Javier Echeverría | 1841 – 1841 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | 1841 – 1842 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolás Bravo | 1842 – 1843 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | 1844 – 1844 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Valentín Canalizo | 1844 – 1844 | under a year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| José Joaquín de Herrera | 1844 – 1845 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mariano Paredes | 1845 – 1846 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Mariano Salas | 1846 – 1846 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolás Bravo | 1846 – 1846 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Valentín Gómez Farías | 1846 – 1847 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | 1847 – 1847 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pedro María de Anaya | 1847 – 1847 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel de la Peña y Peña | 1847 – 1847 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mariano Arista | 1851 – 1853 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel María Lombardini | 1853 – 1853 | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Juan Bautista Ceballos | 1853 – 1853 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | 1853 – 1855 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Rómulo Díaz de la Vega | 1855 – 1855 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Juan Álvarez | 1855 – 1855 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Martín Carrera | 1855 – 1855 | under a year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Ignacio Comonfort | 1855 – 1857 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Benito Juárez | 1858 – 1872 | 14 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| José Ignacio Pavón | 1860 – 1860 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada | 1872 – 1876 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José María Iglesias | 1876 – 1876 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Juan N. Méndez | 1876 – 1876 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel González Flores | 1880 – 1884 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Porfirio Díaz | 1884 – 1911 | 27 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Francisco León de la Barra | 1911 – 1911 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco I. Madero | 1911 – 1913 | 2 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Pedro Lascuráin | 1913 – 1913 | under a year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Victoriano Huerta | 1913 – 1914 | 1 year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Francisco S. Carvajal | 1914 – 1914 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Eulalio Gutiérrez | 1914 – 1915 | 1 year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Venustiano Carranza | 1917 – 1920 | 3 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Adolfo de la Huerta | 1920 – 1920 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Álvaro Obregón | 1920 – 1924 | 4 years | killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Plutarco Elías Calles | 1924 – 1928 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Emilio Portes Gil | 1928 – 1930 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pascual Ortiz Rubio | 1930 – 1932 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Abelardo L. Rodríguez | 1932 – 1934 | 2 years | served out the term, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Lázaro Cárdenas | 1934 – 1940 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel Ávila Camacho | 1940 – 1946 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Miguel Alemán Valdés | 1946 – 1952 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | 1952 – 1958 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Adolfo López Mateos | 1958 – 1964 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gustavo Díaz Ordaz | 1964 – 1970 | 6 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Luis Echeverría | 1970 – 1976 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José López Portillo | 1976 – 1982 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Miguel de la Madrid | 1982 – 1988 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Carlos Salinas de Gortari | 1988 – 1994 | 6 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Ernesto Zedillo | 1994 – 2000 | 6 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Vicente Fox | 2000 – 2006 | 6 years | ending not on record | |
| Felipe Calderón | 2006 – 2012 | 6 years | ending not on record | |
| Enrique Peña Nieto | 2012 – 2018 | 6 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Andrés Manuel López Obrador | 2018 – 2024 | 6 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Claudia Sheinbaum | 2024 – in office | in office since 2024 | still in office |
64 rulers, 62 with terms dated as terms, covering 1824 – 2024. Median reign 1 years. 7 of 72 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.88, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
3.19 million km² in 1831, 2.00 million km² in 2021; at its largest 3.19 million km² in 1831. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
.svg/120px-Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_(1864-1867).svg.png)
flag, undatedImperial Standard of Mexico (1864-1867) · Public domain 
flag, 1821 – 1823Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano · Public domain .svg/120px-Bandera_Hist%C3%B3rica_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Mexicana_(1824-1918).svg.png)
flag, 1823 – 1864Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918) · Public domain flag, 1867 – 1893Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Mexico_(1893%E2%80%931916).svg.png)
flag, 1893 – 1916Flag of Mexico (1893–1916) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Mexico_(1934-1968).svg.png)
flag, 1934 – 1968Flag of Mexico (1934-1968) · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1967Coat of arms of Mexico · Public domain 
flag, from 1968Flag of Mexico · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189962 rows · 15 wars and battles · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres
- José Martí · politician · 1853 – 1895
- Emiliano Zapata · politician · 1879 – 1919
- Spanish–American War · war · 1898
- Benito Juárez · ruler · 1806 – 1872
- Diego Rivera · artist · 1886 – 1957
- Porfirio Díaz · ruler · 1830 – 1915
- Geronimo · commander · 1829 – 1909
- Francisco I. Madero · ruler · 1873 – 1913
and 54 more in the atlas.
1900 – 199932 rows · 5 wars and battles · 7 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Frida Kahlo · artist · 1907 – 1954
- Octavio Paz · philosopher · 1914 – 1998
- Claudia Sheinbaum · ruler · 1962 – present
- Andrés Manuel López Obrador · ruler · 1953 – present
- Enrique Peña Nieto · ruler · 1966 – present
- Carlos Fuentes · politician · 1928 – 2012
- Mexican Revolution · unrest · 1910 – 1920
- Vicente Fox · ruler · 1942 – present
and 24 more in the atlas.
2000 – 209916 rows · 2 wars and battles · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Mexican drug war · war · 2006
- 2017 Chiapas earthquake · disaster · 2017
- United Nations Convention Against Corruption · treaty · 2003
- 2017 Puebla earthquake · disaster · 2017
- United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement · treaty · 2018
- COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico · plague · 2020
- 2026 Jalisco operation · battle · 2026
- 2010 Baja California earthquake · disaster · 2010
and 8 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood205 years
stood longer than 63% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held3,193,400 km²
held more ground at its peak than 95% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century2.9
had more wars on record per century than 98% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median1 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 2% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record64
has more rulers on record than 99% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 51 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1800 – 2047, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1824, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q96 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.