Year
The world in 1938
In 1938 the atlas holds 407 states standing across 6 regions. 36 things began that year - The Hobbit, LSD and Munich Agreement among them - and 8 ended; 85 people were born and 76 died.
Only what Wikidata dates to the year is counted here; a thing dated to its decade is on the 1930s page, and to its century on the 20th century.
What began in 1938
By kind, the best known first; a war or a state is listed in the year it began.
States 6
- Second Czechoslovak Republic · state · 1938 – 1939
- Hatay State · state · 1938 – 1939
- Perm Oblast · state · 1938 – 2005
- Austria within Nazi Germany · state · 1938
- Reformed Government of the Republic of China · state · 1938 – 1940
- Éire · state · 1938 – present
Wars and battles 15
- Battle of Lake Khasan · battle · 1938
- Battle of the Ebro · battle · 1938
- Battle of Wuhan · battle · 1938
- Battle of Taierzhuang · battle · 1938
- Battle of Xuzhou · battle · 1938
- Catalonia Offensive · battle · 1938 – 1939
- Battle of Cape Palos · battle · 1938
- Aragon Offensive · battle · 1938
- Bombing of Chongqing · battle · 1938 – 1943
- Battle of Wanjialing · battle · 1938
and 5 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 7
- Kristallnacht · atrocity · 1938
- Oster conspiracy · unrest · 1938
- Tsuyama massacre · atrocity · 1938
- Sudeten German uprising · unrest · 1938
- 1938 Tiberias massacre · atrocity · 1938
- 1938 Greek coup attempt · unrest · 1938
- Seguro Obrero massacre · atrocity · 1938
Natural disasters 1
- 1938 Yellow River flood · disaster · 1938
Treaties 2
- Munich Agreement · treaty · 1938
- First Vienna Award · treaty · 1938
Works and ideas 5
- The Hobbit · literature · 1938
- LSD · discovery · 1938
- Lysithea · discovery · 1938
- Carme · discovery · 1938
- 1520 Imatra · discovery · 1938
What ended in 1938
States that fell or were replaced, and wars and other things that ran past the year they began.
States 4
- First Czechoslovak Republic · state · 1918 – 1938
- Federal State of Austria · state · 1934 – 1938
- East Hebei Autonomous Government · state · 1935 – 1938
- Kingdom of Romania under Fascism · state · 1937 – 1938
Wars and battles 2
- Battle of Teruel · battle · 1937 – 1938
- Polish Operation of the NKVD · war · 1937 – 1938
Unrest and atrocity 2
- Nanjing Massacre · atrocity · 1937 – 1938
- Dersim massacre · atrocity · 1937 – 1938
Born and died
By how many Wikipedias write about them.
Born in 1938 85
- Kofi Annan · statesperson · 1938 – 2018
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf · politician · born 1938
- Juan Carlos I · monarch · born 1938
- Beatrix of the Netherlands · monarch · born 1938
- Donald Knuth · engineer · born 1938
- Islam Karimov · statesperson · 1938 – 2016
- Leonid Kuchma · politician · born 1938
- Alberto Fujimori · politician · 1938 – 2024
- Heinz Fischer · politician · born 1938
- Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o · philosopher · 1938 – 2025
- Viktor Chernomyrdin · politician · 1938 – 2010
- Alpha Condé · politician · born 1938
- Farah Pahlavi · architect · born 1938
- John Kufuor · politician · born 1938
- Queen Sofía of Spain · person · born 1938
- Frederick Forsyth · writer · 1938 – 2025
and 69 more in the atlas.
Died in 1938 76
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk · revolutionary · 1881 – 1938
- Karel Čapek · philosopher · 1890 – 1938
- Muhammad Iqbal · philosopher · 1877 – 1938
- Gabriele D'Annunzio · politician · 1863 – 1938
- Edmund Husserl · mathematician · 1859 – 1938
- Charles-Édouard Guillaume · physicist · 1861 – 1938
- Nikolai Bukharin · philosopher · 1888 – 1938
- Karl Kautsky · philosopher · 1854 – 1938
- Béla Kun · revolutionary · 1886 – 1938
- Alexei Rykov · politician · 1881 – 1938
- Marie of Romania · ruler · 1875 – 1938
- Vasily Blyukher · military officer · 1890 – 1938
- Lev Shestov · philosopher · 1866 – 1938
- Corneliu Zelea Codreanu · politician · 1899 – 1938
- Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay · writer · 1876 – 1938
- Alexandru Averescu · politician · 1859 – 1938
and 60 more in the atlas.
Standing in 1938
The states the atlas holds as standing that year, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office where the record dates it.
Europe81 states
- France · 481 – present · Albert Lebrun, President of the French Republic since 1932
- Finland · 1917 – present · Kyösti Kallio, President of Finland since 1937
- Spain · 1516 – present · Francisco Franco, Monarch of Spain since 1936
- United Kingdom · 1927 – present · George VI, Monarch of the United Kingdom since 1936
- Norway · 1905 – present · Haakon VII, Monarch of Norway since 1905
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Marcel Pilet-Golaz, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1928 and Rudolf Minger, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1929
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold III of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1934
- Austria · 1918 – present · Wilhelm Miklas, President of Austria since 1928
- Portugal · 1910 – present · Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal since 1926
- Sweden · 900 – present · Gustaf V, Monarch of Sweden since 1907
and 71 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa50 states
- Turkey · 1923 – present · Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey since 1923 and Abdülhalik Renda, President of Turkey since 1938
- Iraq · 1932 – present
- Saudi Arabia · 1932 – present · Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia since 1932
- Syria · 1920 – present
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Qatar · 1870 – present · Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar since 1914
- Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic · 1920 – 1991 · Mir Jafar Baghirov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan since 1933
- Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic · 1920 – 1991 · Grigory Arutinov, First Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party since 1937
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE · Reza Shah, shah since 1925
- Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic · 1921 – 1991
and 40 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa24 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Edwin Barclay, President of Liberia since 1930
- Belgian Congo · 1908 – 1960 · Leopold III of Belgium, King since 1934
- Katanga Province · 1910 – 2015
- Union of South Africa · 1910 – 1961 · George VI, monarch of the Union of South Africa since 1936
- Ruanda-Urundi · 1922 – 1962
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · George VI, Monarch since 1936
- South West Africa · 1915 – 1990
- British Somaliland · 1884 – 1960
- Buganda · 1420 – 1966 · Daudi Cwa II of Buganda, Kabaka of Buganda since 1897
- Cape Province · 1910 – 1994
and 14 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia156 states
- Tajikistan · 1929 – present
- Chinese Communist Party · 1928 – 1949
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947 · George VI, Emperor of India since 1936
- Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic · 1936 – 1991
- Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic · 1924 – 1991
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950 · Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Maharaja of Mysore since 1894
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah VII of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1911
- Kingdom of Afghanistan · 1926 – 1973
- French India · 1668 – 1954
- Tibet · 1912 – 1959
and 146 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia56 states
- Thailand · 1932 – present · Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand since 1935
- Mongolia · 1911 – present
- Taiwan · 1912 – present · Lin Sen, President of the Republic of China since 1931
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Ahmad Tajuddin, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1924
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic · 1917 – 1991
- Empire of Japan · 1868 – 1947 · Hirohito, Emperor of Japan since 1926
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949 · Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer, head of state since 1936
- Manchukuo · 1932 – 1945 · Puyi, emperor of Manchukuo since 1934
- French Indochina · 1887 – 1954
- Republic of China · 1912 – 1971
and 46 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania35 states
- United States · 1776 – present · Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States since 1933
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico since 1934
- Australia · 1901 – present
- Canada · 1867 – present · George VI, monarch of Canada since 1936
- Brazil · 1889 – present · Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil since 1930
- Chile · 1810 – present · Arturo Alessandri, President of Chile since 1932 and Pedro Aguirre Cerda, President of Chile since 1938
- Argentina · 1861 – present · Agustín Pedro Justo, President of Argentina since 1932 and Roberto Marcelino Ortiz, President of Argentina since 1938
- Colombia · 1810 – present · Eduardo Santos Montejo, President of Colombia since 1938
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present · Óscar R. Benavides, President of Peru since 1933
and 25 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown5 states
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946 · George VI, Monarch since 1936
- Somoza family · 1936 – 1979 · Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua since 1937
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Gaekwad dynasty · 1721 – 1947
- Wahidi · 1800 – 1963
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1913 – 1963: every state, war and life of 1938 and the years either side, region by region.
- On the map in 1938: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.