State · 1822 – present
Peru
A state of 1822 – present — 204 years, still standing in the Americas and Oceania. It followed Protectorate of San Martín. The atlas records 98 things within it — wars and battles 12 · unrest and atrocity 4 · famine and plague 1 · natural disasters 7 · treaties 3 · people 71. Its line of rulers holds 65 people, 60 with dated terms.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 204 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 65
- the President of Peru
- Most ground
- 1.48 million km²
- in 1823
- Within it
- 98
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 3
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Protectorate of San Martín · follows · 1821 – 1822
Rulers
The line of President of Peru - the office this state names as its head of state.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| José de San Martín | 1821 – 1822 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio José de Sucre | 1823 – 1823 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José de la Riva Agüero | 1823 – 1823 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Simón Bolívar | 1824 – 1827 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés de Santa Cruz | 1827 – 1827 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Agustín Gamarra | 1829 – 1833 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Agustín Gamarra | 1839 – 1841 | 2 years | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | |
| Juan Crisóstomo Torrico | 1842 – 1842 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Juan Francisco de Vidal | 1842 – 1843 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco | 1843 – 1844 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ramón Castilla | 1844 – 1844 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Rufino Echenique | 1851 – 1855 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mariano Ignacio Prado | 1865 – 1868 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Balta | 1868 – 1872 | 4 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Tomás Gutiérrez | 1872 – 1872 | under a year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Mariano Herencia Zevallos | 1872 – 1872 | under a year | killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Manuel Pardo | 1872 – 1876 | 4 years | killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Mariano Ignacio Prado | 1876 – 1879 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Luis La Puerta | 1879 – 1879 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolás de Piérola | 1879 – 1881 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco García Calderón | 1881 – 1881 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Lizardo Montero Flores | 1881 – 1883 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Miguel Iglesias | 1882 – 1885 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés Avelino Cáceres | 1883 – 1883 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés Avelino Cáceres | 1886 – 1890 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Remigio Morales Bermúdez | 1890 – 1894 | 4 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Justiniano Borgoño | 1894 – 1894 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés Avelino Cáceres | 1894 – 1895 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolás de Piérola | 1895 – 1899 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Eduardo López de Romaña | 1899 – 1903 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel Candamo | 1903 – 1904 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Serapio Calderón | 1904 – 1904 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Pardo y Barreda | 1904 – 1908 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Augusto B. Leguía | 1908 – 1912 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Guillermo Billinghurst | 1912 – 1914 | 2 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Óscar R. Benavides | 1914 – 1915 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Pardo y Barreda | 1915 – 1919 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Augusto B. Leguía | 1919 – 1930 | 11 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Manuel Ponce Brousset | 1930 – 1930 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| David Samanez Ocampo | 1931 – 1931 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias | 1931 – 1931 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gustavo Jiménez | 1931 – 1931 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mariano Holguín | 1931 – 1931 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro | 1931 – 1933 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Óscar R. Benavides | 1933 – 1939 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel Prado Ugarteche | 1939 – 1945 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Luis Bustamante y Rivero | 1945 – 1948 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Zenón Noriega Agüero | 1948 – 1948 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel A. Odría | 1948 – 1950 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Zenón Noriega Agüero | 1950 – 1950 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel A. Odría | 1950 – 1956 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manuel Prado Ugarteche | 1956 – 1962 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ricardo Pérez Godoy | 1962 – 1963 | 1 year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Nicolás Lindley López | 1963 – 1963 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fernando Belaúnde | 1963 – 1968 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Juan Velasco Alvarado | 1968 – 1975 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Morales Bermúdez | 1975 – 1980 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fernando Belaúnde | 1980 – 1985 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alan García | 1985 – 1990 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alberto Fujimori | 1990 – 2000 | 10 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Valentín Paniagua | 2000 – 2001 | 1 year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alejandro Toledo | 2001 – 2006 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| Alan García | 2006 – 2011 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ollanta Humala | 2011 – 2016 | 5 years | lost an election, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | 2016 – 2018 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Martín Vizcarra | 2018 – 2020 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Manuel Merino | 2020 – 2020 | under a year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Francisco Sagasti | 2020 – 2021 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Pedro Castillo | 2021 – 2022 | 1 year | deposed or removedWikidata's end cause on the term | |
| Dina Boluarte | 2022 – 2025 | 3 years | ending not on record | |
| José Jerí | 2025 – 2026 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| José María Balcázar | 2026 – in office | in office since 2026 | still in office | |
| Keiko Fujimori | 2026 – in office | in office since 2026 | still in office |
65 rulers, 60 with terms dated as terms, covering 1821 – 2026. Median reign 2 years. 19 of 72 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.94, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
1.14 million km² in 1832, 1.31 million km² in 2022; at its largest 1.38 million km² in 1842. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
coat of arms, undatedEscudo nacional del Perú · Public domain 
flag, from 1825Flag of Peru · Public domain 
flag, from 1825War flag of Peru · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189948 rows · 9 wars and battles
- Battle of Ayacucho · battle · 1824
- Andrés Avelino Cáceres · ruler · 1833 – 1923
- Manuel Prado Ugarteche · ruler · 1889 – 1967
- Manuel A. Odría · ruler · 1897 – 1974
- Eduardo López de Romaña · ruler · 1847 – 1912
- Augusto B. Leguía · ruler · 1863 – 1932
- José Luis Bustamante y Rivero · ruler · 1894 – 1989
- Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro · ruler · 1889 – 1933
and 40 more in the atlas.
1900 – 199931 rows · 3 wars and battles
- Mario Vargas Llosa · philosopher · 1936 – 2025
- Alberto Fujimori · ruler · 1938 – 2024
- Javier Pérez de Cuéllar · politician · 1920 – 2020
- Alan García · ruler · 1949 – 2019
- Dina Boluarte · ruler · 1962 – present
- Ollanta Humala · ruler · 1962 – present
- Keiko Fujimori · ruler · 1975 – present
- Pedro Castillo · ruler · 1969 – present
and 23 more in the atlas.
2000 – 209912 rows · 4 risings, regime changes and massacres
- 2007 Peru earthquake · disaster · 2007
- COVID-19 pandemic in Peru · plague · 2020
- 2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt · unrest · 2022
- Peruvian protests · unrest · 2022 – 2023
- 2019 Peru earthquake · disaster · 2019
- Cusco Declaration · treaty · 2004
- 2018 Peru earthquake · disaster · 2018
- Inter-American Democratic Charter · treaty · 2001
and 4 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood204 years
stood longer than 63% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held1,477,300 km²
held more ground at its peak than 88% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century2.5
had more wars on record per century than 98% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record65
has more rulers on record than 99% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 23 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1802 – 2046, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1823, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q419 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.