State · 1800 – 1949
Dutch East Indies
A state of 1800 – 1949 — 149 years in East and Southeast Asia. It replaced Kutai, Sultanate of Tidore and British Bencoolen and 2 more and followed Aceh Sultanate, Sultanate of Sulu and Lanfang Republic and 7 more. It was replaced by Indonesia and United States of Indonesia. The atlas records 68 things within it — wars and battles 10 · unrest and atrocity 1 · natural disasters 2 · people 55. Its line of rulers holds 32 people, 17 with dated terms.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 149 years
- 1800 – 1949
- Rulers
- 32
- the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
- Most ground
- 2.03 million km²
- in 1915
- Within it
- 68
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 2
- on record, with years
1800 · first mapped · 224,800 km²
1915 · at its largest · 2.03 million km²
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Aceh Sultanate · follows · 1496 – 1903
- Bali Kingdom · follows · 914 – 1908
- Sultanate of Banjar · follows · 1526 – 1860
- Kutai · replaces · 400 – 1844
- Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow · replaces
- Sultanate of Tidore · replaces · 1450 – 1904
- Sultanate of Jailolo · replaces
- Soppeng Sultanate · follows
- Pagaruyung kingdom · follows · 1347 – 1833
- Lanfang Republic · follows · 1777 – 1884
- Sultanate of Bulungan · follows · 1731 – 1964
- Palembang Sultanate · follows · 1459 – 1821
- Sultanate of Sulu · follows · 1405 – 1915
- British Bencoolen · replaces · 1785 – 1824
- Company rule in the Dutch East Indies · follows
After it
- Indonesia · replaced by · 1945 – present
- United States of Indonesia · replaced by · 1949 – 1950
Rulers
The line of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johannes van den Bosch | 1830 – 1833 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Carel Sirardus Willem van Hogendorp | 1840 – 1841 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pieter Merkus | 1841 – 1844 | 3 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Albertus Jacobus Duymaer van Twist | 1851 – 1856 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ary Prins | 1866 – 1866 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Frederik s'Jacob | 1881 – 1884 | 3 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Otto van Rees | 1884 – 1888 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Aart van der Wijck | 1893 – 1899 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Jo van Heutsz | 1898 – 1909 | 11 years | resignedWikidata's end cause on the term | |
| Alexander Idenburg | 1909 – 1916 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Dirk Fock | 1921 – 1926 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff | 1926 – 1931 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge | 1931 – 1936 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer | 1936 – 1942 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Hubertus van Mook | 1942 – 1948 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Louis Beel | 1948 – 1949 | 1 year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Tony Lovink | 1949 – 1949 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone |
32 rulers, 17 with terms dated as terms, covering 1830 – 1949. Median reign 5 years. 1 of 16 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.72, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
224,800 km² in 1800, 1.87 million km² in 1949; at its largest 2.03 million km² in 1920. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

coat of arms, undatedState coat of arms of the Netherlands · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Sodacan 
flag, undatedFlag of the Netherlands · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189922 rows
- 1883 eruption of Krakatoa · disaster · 1883
- 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora · disaster · 1813 – 1815
- Agus Salim · politician · 1884 – 1954
- Ahmad Dahlan · religious leader · 1868 – 1923
- Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto · politician · 1882 – 1934
- Hasyim Asy'ari · person · 1871 – 1947
- Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff · ruler · 1872 – 1957
- Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer · ruler · 1888 – 1978
and 14 more in the atlas.
1900 – 199933 rows · 10 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Mohammad Hatta · politician · 1902 – 1980
- Jusuf Kalla · politician · 1942 – present
- Adam Malik · politician · 1917 – 1984
- Louis Beel · ruler · 1902 – 1977
- Sutan Sjahrir · politician · 1909 – 1966
- New Guinea campaign · battle · 1942 – 1945
- Abdul Haris Nasution · politician · 1918 – 2000
- D. N. Aidit · politician · 1923 – 1965
and 25 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood149 years
stood longer than 55% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held2,032,000 km²
held more ground at its peak than 91% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century1.3
had more wars on record per century than 96% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median5 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 18% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record32
has more rulers on record than 95% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 18 causes the record names and 2 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Theories that apply to its ending
Of 3 theories of why states fall, 2 have every condition present at this ending and 1 some of them; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.
Demographic-structural breakdown
Goldstone 1991 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: 2 of its 3 conditions held here (it needs 2), and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — unrest, adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- overlapping reigns — rival claimants — within 20 y, or 3 or more changes of ruler within 20 y, or 2 or more reigns of two years or less within 20 y, or a monarch deposed or killed within 20 y — handovers 5
- a war the state is fighting, still under way, or a war the state fought, ended within 10 y — warEnded
Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 149
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1785 – 1964, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1915, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q188161 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.