Decade · 1860 – 1869
The world in the 1860s
From 1860 to 1869 the atlas holds 538 states standing at some time. 396 things began - Canada, Argentina and Helium among them - and 98 ended; 562 people were born and 290 died, 2 of all these dated only to the decade.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 1860s
By kind, the best known first.
States 32
- Canada · state · 1867 – present
- Argentina · state · 1861 – present
- Austria-Hungary · state · 1867 – 1918
- Confederate States of America · state · 1861 – 1865
- Empire of Japan · state · 1868 – 1947
- Kingdom of Italy · state · 1861 – 1946
- Province of Florence · state · 1865 – 2014
- North German Confederation · state · 1867 – 1870
and 24 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 238
- American Civil War · war · 1861 – 1865
- Austro-Prussian War · war · 1866
- Paraguayan War · war · 1864 – 1870
- Battle of Gettysburg · battle · 1863
- Boshin War · war · 1868 – 1869
- Second Schleswig War · war · 1864
- Reconstruction era · battle · 1863 – 1877
- Battle of Fort Sumter · battle · 1861
and 230 more in the atlas.
Regime change 3
- Xinyou Coup · adverse regime change · 1861
- Expulsion of Otto of Greece · adverse regime change · 1862
- 1861 Venezuelan coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1861
Unrest and atrocity 20
- January Uprising · unrest · 1863 – 1864
- Assassination of Abraham Lincoln · atrocity · 1865
- Dungan Revolt · unrest · 1862 – 1877
- New York City draft riots · unrest · 1863
- Glorious Revolution · unrest · 1868
- Sand Creek massacre · atrocity · 1864
- Sakuradamon Incident · atrocity · 1860
- Morant Bay rebellion · unrest · 1865
and 12 more in the atlas.
Famine and plague 3
- Finnish famine of 1866–1868 · famine · 1867 – 1869
- 1863–1875 cholera pandemic · plague · 1863 – 1875
- Orissa famine of 1866 · famine · 1866
Natural disasters 3
- 1868 Arica earthquake · disaster · 1868
- Great Flood of 1862 · disaster · 1861 – 1862
- 1867 Manhattan, Kansas, earthquake · disaster · 1867
Treaties 21
- Alaska Purchase · treaty · 1867
- First Geneva Convention · treaty · 1864
- Convention of Kanagawa · treaty · 1864
- Convention of Peking · treaty · 1860
- Peace of Prague · treaty · 1866
- Treaty of London · treaty · 1867
- Treaty of Vienna · treaty · 1864
- Treaty of Saigon · treaty · 1862
and 13 more in the atlas.
Works and ideas 76
- Helium · discovery · 1868
- Caesium · discovery · 1860
- Rubidium · discovery · 1861
- Baháʼí Faith · religion · 1863
- Indium · discovery · 1863
- Thallium · discovery · 1861
- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland · literature · 1865
- Dynamite · discovery · 1867
and 68 more in the atlas.
What ended in the 1860s
States 54
- Austrian Empire · state · 1804 – 1867
- Confederate States of America · state · 1861 – 1865
- German Confederation · state · 1815 – 1866
- Kingdom of Sardinia · state · 1324 – 1861
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies · state · 1738 – 1861
- Tokugawa shogunate · state · 1603 – 1867
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany · state · 1569 – 1860
- Kingdom of Hanover · state · 1814 – 1866
and 46 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 33
- American Civil War · war · 1861 – 1865
- Second Opium War · war · 1856 – 1860
- Opium Wars · war · 1839 – 1860
- Boshin War · war · 1868 – 1869
- Caucasian War · war · 1763 – 1864
- Expedition of the Thousand · battle · 1860 – 1861
- Bleeding Kansas · war · 1854 – 1861
- Hispano-Moroccan War · war · 1859 – 1860
and 25 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 8
- Taiping Rebellion · unrest · 1850 – 1864
- January Uprising · unrest · 1863 – 1864
- Nian Rebellion · unrest · 1851 – 1868
- Ee ja nai ka · unrest · 1867 – 1868
- Mito Rebellion · unrest · 1864 – 1865
- Moriori genocide · atrocity · 1835 – 1860
- Herzegovina uprising · unrest · 1852 – 1862
- Mejba Revolt · unrest · 1864 – 1865
Famine and plague 2
- Finnish famine of 1866–1868 · famine · 1867 – 1869
- 1846–1860 cholera pandemic · plague · 1846 – 1860
Natural disasters 1
- Great Flood of 1862 · disaster · 1861 – 1862
Born and died
Born 562
- Mahatma Gandhi · revolutionary · 1869 – 1948
- Marie Curie · physicist · 1867 – 1934
- Rabindranath Tagore · philosopher · 1861 – 1941
- Anton Chekhov · physician · 1860 – 1904
- Henry Ford · inventor · 1863 – 1947
- Rudyard Kipling · poet · 1865 – 1936
- Maxim Gorky · politician · 1868 – 1936
- Henri Matisse · sculptor · 1869 – 1954
- Frank Lloyd Wright · architect · 1867 – 1959
- Max Weber · philosopher · 1864 – 1920
- H. G. Wells · writer · 1866 – 1946
- David Hilbert · physicist · 1862 – 1943
- W. B. Yeats · politician · 1865 – 1939
- Sun Yat-sen · revolutionary · 1866 – 1925
- Gustav Mahler · composer · 1860 – 1911
- André Gide · poet · 1869 – 1951
and 546 more in the atlas.
Died 290
- Abraham Lincoln · statesperson · 1809 – 1865
- Michael Faraday · inventor · 1791 – 1867
- Charles Baudelaire · poet · 1821 – 1867
- Arthur Schopenhauer · philosopher · 1788 – 1860
- Martin Van Buren · statesperson · 1782 – 1862
- Henry David Thoreau · naturalist · 1817 – 1862
- James Buchanan · statesperson · 1791 – 1868
- John Tyler · statesperson · 1790 – 1862
- Franklin Pierce · statesperson · 1804 – 1869
- Taras Shevchenko · philosopher · 1814 – 1861
- Hector Berlioz · composer · 1803 – 1869
- Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres · architect · 1780 – 1867
- Eugène Delacroix · painter · 1798 – 1863
- Nathaniel Hawthorne · diplomat · 1804 – 1864
- Bernhard Riemann · physicist · 1826 – 1866
- Alphonse de Lamartine · politician · 1790 – 1869
and 274 more in the atlas.
States of the 1860s
The states that stood at some time in the 1860s, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 1860.
Europe119 states
- France · 481 – present
- Spain · 1516 – present · Isabella II, Monarch of Spain since 1833
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Jonas Furrer, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848 and Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold I of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1831
- Sweden · 900 – present · Charles XV, Monarch of Sweden since 1859
- Denmark · 800 – present · Frederick VII of Denmark, Monarch of Denmark since 1848
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present · William III of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 1849
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Napoleon III, French co-prince of Andorra since 1848 and Josep Caixal i Estradé, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1852
and 111 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa66 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdülmecid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1839
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1855
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, shah since 1848
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Khedivate of Egypt · 1867 – 1914
and 58 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa51 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia since 1856
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Orange Free State · 1854 – 1902
- South African Republic · 1852 – 1902
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888 · Pedro V of Kongo, Manikongo since 1859
- Sultanate of Zanzibar · 1861 – 1890 · Majid bin Said, Sultan of Zanzibar since 1856
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
and 43 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia159 states
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947
- Khanate of Kokand · 1709 – 1876 · Muhammad Khudayar Khan, khan since 1845
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · Nasrullah Khan, Amir since 1827 and Muzaffar bin Nasrullah, Amir since 1860
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah V of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1857
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926 · Dost Mohammad Khan, Emir of Afghanistan since 1855
- French India · 1668 – 1954
- Travancore · 1729 – 1949 · Marthanda Varma II, Maharaja of Travancore since 1846 and Ayilyam Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore since 1860
and 151 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia71 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Abdul Momin, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1852
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Xianfeng Emperor, Emperor of China since 1850
- Empire of Japan · 1868 – 1947 · Emperor Kōmei, Emperor of Japan since 1846
- Chiang Mai · 1775 – 1884 · Kawilorot Suriyawong, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1854
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Cheoljong of Joseon, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1849
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894 · Radin of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar since 1824
and 63 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania47 states
- United States · 1776 – present · James Buchanan, President of the United States since 1857
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Benito Juárez, President of Mexico since 1858 and José Ignacio Pavón, President of Mexico since 1860
- Canada · 1867 – present
- Chile · 1810 – present · Manuel Montt, President of Chile since 1851
- Argentina · 1861 – present · Justo José de Urquiza, President of Argentina since 1854 and Santiago Derqui, President of Argentina since 1860
- Colombia · 1810 – present · Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia since 1858
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present
and 39 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown25 states
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Wituland · 1858 – 1890
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Yeke Kingdom · 1856 – 1891 · M'siri, | since 1856
and 17 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1840 – 1889: every state, war and life of the 1860s, region by region.
- On the map in 1865: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.