Decade · 1850 – 1859
The world in the 1850s
From 1850 to 1859 the atlas holds 544 states standing at some time. 198 things began - New Caledonia, Lake Victoria and British Raj among them - and 54 ended; 459 people were born and 265 died.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 1850s
By kind, the best known first.
States 26
- New Caledonia · state · 1856 – 1859
- British Raj · state · 1858 – 1947
- Second French Empire · state · 1852 – 1870
- Orange Free State · state · 1854 – 1902
- South African Republic · state · 1852 – 1902
- Principality of Montenegro · state · 1852 – 1910
- United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia · state · 1859 – 1881
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom · state · 1851 – 1864
and 18 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 61
- Crimean War · war · 1853 – 1856
- Second Opium War · war · 1856 – 1860
- Second Italian War of Independence · war · 1859
- Battle of Solferino · battle · 1859
- Battle of Balaclava · battle · 1854
- Battle of Sinop · battle · 1853
- Battle of the Alma · battle · 1854
- Siege of Sevastopol · battle · 1854 – 1855
and 53 more in the atlas.
Regime change 4
- 1851 French coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1851
- Spanish Revolution of 1854 · adverse regime change · 1854
- Luxembourg coup of 1856 · adverse regime change · 1856
- Plan of Tacubaya · adverse regime change · 1857
Unrest and atrocity 19
- Indian Rebellion of 1857 · unrest · 1857 – 1858
- Taiping Rebellion · unrest · 1850 – 1864
- Eureka Rebellion · unrest · 1854
- Mountain Meadows Massacre · atrocity · 1857
- Nian Rebellion · unrest · 1851 – 1868
- Kautokeino rebellion · unrest · 1852
- John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry · unrest · 1859
- Santhal rebellion · unrest · 1855
and 11 more in the atlas.
Famine and plague 4
- Third plague pandemic · plague · 1855 – 1945
- 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak · plague · 1854
- Yellow fever in Buenos Aires · plague · 1852 – 1871
- 1853 Copenhagen cholera outbreak · plague · 1853
Natural disasters 2
- 1859 Shamakhi earthquake · disaster · 1859
- 1857 Basilicata earthquake · disaster · 1857
Treaties 23
- Treaty of Paris · treaty · 1856
- Treaty of Aigun · treaty · 1858
- Gadsden Purchase · treaty · 1853
- Treaty of Shimoda · treaty · 1855
- Treaty of Tientsin · treaty · 1858
- Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law · treaty · 1856
- Treaty of Amity and Commerce · treaty · 1858
- Armistice of Villafranca · treaty · 1859
and 15 more in the atlas.
Works and ideas 59
- Lake Victoria · discovery · 1858
- Moby-Dick · literature · 1851
- Gyroscope · discovery · 1852
- Umbriel · discovery · 1851
- Ariel · discovery · 1851
- Reinforced concrete · discovery · 1853
- Madame Bovary · literature · 1857
- Uncle Tom's Cabin · literature · 1852
and 51 more in the atlas.
What ended in the 1850s
States 34
- New Caledonia · state · 1856 – 1859
- Mughal Empire · state · 1526 – 1857
- French Second Republic · state · 1848 – 1852
- Principality of Moldavia · state · 1346 – 1859
- Duchy of Parma and Piacenza · state · 1545 – 1859
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio · state · 1452 – 1859
- Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen · state · 1576 – 1850
- Caucasian Imamate · state · 1828 – 1859
and 26 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 16
- Crimean War · war · 1853 – 1856
- First Schleswig War · war · 1848 – 1851
- Siege of Sevastopol · battle · 1854 – 1855
- Anglo-Persian War · war · 1856 – 1857
- Seminole Wars · war · 1816 – 1858
- Uruguayan Civil War · war · 1839 – 1851
- Utah War · war · 1857 – 1858
- Dominican War of Independence · war · 1844 – 1856
and 8 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 2
- Indian Rebellion of 1857 · unrest · 1857 – 1858
- Red Turban Rebellion · unrest · 1854 – 1856
Famine and plague 2
- Great Famine · famine · 1845 – 1852
- 1826–1837 cholera pandemic · plague · 1829 – 1852
Born and died
Born 459
- Vincent van Gogh · painter · 1853 – 1890
- Sigmund Freud · scientist · 1856 – 1939
- Oscar Wilde · poet · 1854 – 1900
- Nikola Tesla · inventor · 1856 – 1943
- Theodore Roosevelt · statesperson · 1858 – 1919
- Woodrow Wilson · statesperson · 1856 – 1924
- George Bernard Shaw · writer · 1856 – 1950
- Arthur Conan Doyle · physician · 1859 – 1930
- Max Planck · physicist · 1858 – 1947
- Guy de Maupassant · poet · 1850 – 1893
- Selma Lagerlöf · poet · 1858 – 1940
- Robert Louis Stevenson · poet · 1850 – 1894
- Giacomo Puccini · composer · 1858 – 1924
- William Howard Taft · statesperson · 1857 – 1930
- Arthur Rimbaud · poet · 1854 – 1891
- L. L. Zamenhof · inventor · 1859 – 1917
and 443 more in the atlas.
Died 265
- Carl Friedrich Gauss · astronomer · 1777 – 1855
- Honoré de Balzac · writer · 1799 – 1851
- Søren Kierkegaard · philosopher · 1813 – 1855
- Heinrich Heine · composer · 1797 – 1856
- Nikolai Gogol · poet · 1809 – 1852
- Zachary Taylor · statesperson · 1784 – 1850
- Alexander von Humboldt · explorer · 1769 – 1859
- William Wordsworth · poet · 1770 – 1850
- Charlotte Brontë · poet · 1816 – 1855
- Ada Lovelace · inventor · 1815 – 1852
- Auguste Comte · mathematician · 1798 – 1857
- Mary Shelley · poet · 1797 – 1851
- Robert Schumann · composer · 1810 – 1856
- Adam Mickiewicz · poet · 1798 – 1855
- Alexis de Tocqueville · philosopher · 1805 – 1859
- Washington Irving · politician · 1783 – 1859
and 249 more in the atlas.
States of the 1850s
The states that stood at some time in the 1850s, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 1850.
Europe121 states
- France · 481 – present · Napoleon III, President of the French Republic since 1848
- Spain · 1516 – present · Isabella II, Monarch of Spain since 1833
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Josef Munzinger, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848 and Jonas Furrer, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold I of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1831
- Sweden · 900 – present · Oscar I of Sweden, Monarch of Sweden since 1844
- Denmark · 800 – present · Frederick VII of Denmark, Monarch of Denmark since 1848
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present · William III of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 1849
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1827 and Napoleon III, French co-prince of Andorra since 1848
and 113 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa64 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdülmecid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1839
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Sahle Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1845 and Yohannes III, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1850
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, shah since 1848
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920 · Muhammad Amin Bahadur Khan, Khan of Khiva since 1845
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Ottoman Egypt · 1517 – 1867
and 56 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa53 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia since 1848
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Orange Free State · 1854 – 1902
- South African Republic · 1852 – 1902
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888 · Henrique III of Kongo, Manikongo since 1842
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · Queen Victoria, Monarch since 1837
and 45 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia167 states
- Mughal Empire · 1526 – 1857 · Bahadur Shah Zafar, Mughal emperor since 1837
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947
- Khanate of Kokand · 1709 – 1876 · Muhammad Khudayar Khan, khan since 1845
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · Nasrullah Khan, Amir since 1827
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah IV of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1829
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926
- French India · 1668 – 1954
and 159 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia69 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Omar Ali Saifuddin II, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1828
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Daoguang Emperor, Emperor of China since 1820 and Xianfeng Emperor, Emperor of China since 1850
- Chiang Mai · 1775 – 1884 · Mahotaraprathet, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1847
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Cheoljong of Joseon, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1849
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894 · Radin of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar since 1824
- Perlis · 1842 – 1910 · Syed Hussain ibni Syed Harun Jamalullail, King of Perlis since 1843
and 61 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania41 states
- United States · 1776 – present · Zachary Taylor, President of the United States since 1849 and Millard Fillmore, President of the United States since 1850
- Mexico · 1821 – present
- Chile · 1810 – present · Manuel Bulnes, President of Chile since 1841
- Colombia · 1810 – present
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present
- Uruguay · 1825 – present · Manuel Oribe, President of Uruguay since 1843
- Ecuador · 1830 – present
and 33 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown29 states
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Wituland · 1858 – 1890
- Kaarta · 1753 – 1854
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
and 21 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1830 – 1879: every state, war and life of the 1850s, region by region.
- On the map in 1855: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.