Year
The world in 1866
In 1866 the atlas holds 490 states standing across 6 regions. 44 things began that year - Austro-Prussian War, 90 Antiope and 87 Sylvia among them - and 8 ended; 50 people were born and 26 died.
Only what Wikidata dates to the year is counted here; a thing dated to its decade is on the 1860s page, and to its century on the 19th century.
What began in 1866
By kind, the best known first; a war or a state is listed in the year it began.
States 1
- Kopust · state · 1866 – 1920
Wars and battles 33
- Austro-Prussian War · war · 1866
- Battle of Königgrätz · battle · 1866
- Battle of Lissa · battle · 1866
- Third Italian War of Independence · war · 1866
- Battle of Custoza · battle · 1866
- French expedition to Korea · battle · 1866
- Cretan revolt · battle · 1866 – 1869
- Battle of Curupayty · battle · 1866
- General Sherman incident · battle · 1866
- Red Cloud's War · war · 1866 – 1868
and 23 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 2
- Seven and a Half Days Revolt · unrest · 1866
- Baikal Insurrection · unrest · 1866
Famine and plague 1
- Orissa famine of 1866 · famine · 1866
Treaties 2
- Peace of Prague · treaty · 1866
- Treaty of Vienna · treaty · 1866
Works and ideas 5
- 90 Antiope · discovery · 1866
- 87 Sylvia · discovery · 1866
- 89 Julia · discovery · 1866
- 91 Aegina · discovery · 1866
- 86 Semele · discovery · 1866
What ended in 1866
States that fell or were replaced, and wars and other things that ran past the year they began.
States 7
- German Confederation · state · 1815 – 1866
- Kingdom of Hanover · state · 1814 – 1866
- Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia · state · 1815 – 1866
- Duchy of Nassau · state · 1806 – 1866
- Electorate of Hesse · state · 1814 – 1866
- Free City of Frankfurt · state · 1372 – 1866
- Rozvi Empire · state · 1660 – 1866
Wars and battles 1
- Chincha Islands War · war · 1864 – 1866
Born and died
By how many Wikipedias write about them.
Born in 1866 50
- H. G. Wells · writer · 1866 – 1946
- Sun Yat-sen · revolutionary · 1866 – 1925
- Romain Rolland · writer · 1866 – 1944
- Wassily Kandinsky · sculptor · 1866 – 1944
- Jacinto Benavente · politician · 1866 – 1954
- Beatrix Potter · painter · 1866 – 1943
- Benedetto Croce · philosopher · 1866 – 1952
- Erik Satie · composer · 1866 – 1925
- Ramsay MacDonald · politician · 1866 – 1937
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky · politician · 1866 – 1934
- Lev Shestov · philosopher · 1866 – 1938
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale · revolutionary · 1866 – 1915
- Hans von Seeckt · politician · 1866 – 1936
- Emilio De Bono · politician · 1866 – 1944
- Voltairine de Cleyre · philosopher · 1866 – 1912
- Kazys Grinius · physician · 1866 – 1950
and 34 more in the atlas.
Died in 1866 26
- Bernhard Riemann · physicist · 1826 – 1866
- Chief Seattle · person · 1786 – 1866
- Miguel I of Portugal · ruler · 1802 – 1866
- Massimo d'Azeglio · painter · 1798 – 1866
- Winfield Scott · politician · 1786 – 1866
- Luigi Carlo Farini · physician · 1812 – 1866
- Lewis Cass · politician · 1782 – 1866
- Mikayel Nalbandian · writer · 1829 – 1866
- Manuel Bulnes · politician · 1799 – 1866
- Alexander von Nordmann · naturalist · 1803 – 1866
- Manuel Felipe de Tovar · politician · 1803 – 1866
- José Ignacio Pavón · politician · 1791 – 1866
- Henryk Rzewuski · writer · 1791 – 1866
- Robert F. Stockton · politician · 1795 – 1866
- Juan Gregorio de las Heras · politician · 1780 – 1866
- Samuel Ryan Curtis · politician · 1805 – 1866
and 10 more in the atlas.
Standing in 1866
The states the atlas holds as standing that year, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office where the record dates it.
Europe102 states
- France · 481 – present
- Spain · 1516 – present · Isabella II, Monarch of Spain since 1833
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848 and Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold II of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1865
- Sweden · 900 – present · Charles XV, Monarch of Sweden since 1859
- Denmark · 800 – present · Christian IX, Monarch of Denmark since 1863
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present · William III of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 1849
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Napoleon III, French co-prince of Andorra since 1848 and Josep Caixal i Estradé, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1852
- Monaco · 1297 – present · Charles III of Monaco, Prince of Monaco since 1856
- Liechtenstein · 1806 – present · Johann II of Liechtenstein, Prince of Lichtenstein since 1858
and 92 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa62 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdulaziz, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1861
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1855
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, shah since 1848
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Ottoman Egypt · 1517 – 1867 · Isma'il Pasha of Egypt, Khedive of Egypt and Sudan since 1863
- Sokoto Caliphate · 1804 – 1903
- Emirate of Jabal Shammar · 1836 – 1921 · Talal bin Abdullah Al Rashid, Amir since 1848
and 52 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa48 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Daniel Bashiel Warner, President of Liberia since 1864
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Orange Free State · 1854 – 1902
- South African Republic · 1852 – 1902
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888 · Pedro V of Kongo, Manikongo since 1859
- Sultanate of Zanzibar · 1861 – 1890 · Majid bin Said, Sultan of Zanzibar since 1856
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · Queen Victoria, Monarch since 1837
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897
and 38 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia157 states
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947
- Khanate of Kokand · 1709 – 1876 · Muhammad Khudayar Khan, khan since 1845
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · Muzaffar bin Nasrullah, Amir since 1860
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah V of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1857
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926 · Sher Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan since 1863 and Mohammad Afzal Khan, Emir of Afghanistan since 1866
- French India · 1668 – 1954
- Travancore · 1729 – 1949 · Ayilyam Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore since 1860
- Kingdom of Nepal · 1768 – 2008 · Surendra Bikram Shah, King of Nepal since 1847
- Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) · 1846 – 1947 · Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, Raja since 1856
and 147 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia64 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Abdul Momin, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1852
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Tongzhi Emperor, Emperor of China since 1861
- Chiang Mai · 1775 – 1884 · Kawilorot Suriyawong, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1861
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949 · Ary Prins, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies since 1866
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Gojong of Korea, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1863
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894
- Perlis · 1842 – 1910 · Syed Hussain ibni Syed Harun Jamalullail, King of Perlis since 1843
- Tokugawa shogunate · 1603 – 1867
- Ryukyu Kingdom · 1429 – 1879 · Shō Tai, King of Ryukyu since 1848
and 54 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania35 states
- United States · 1776 – present · Andrew Johnson, President of the United States since 1865
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Benito Juárez, President of Mexico since 1858
- Chile · 1810 – present · José Joaquín Pérez, President of Chile since 1861
- Argentina · 1861 – present · Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina since 1862
- Colombia · 1810 – present · José María Rojas Garrido, President of Colombia since 1866 and Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, President of Colombia since 1866
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present · Mariano Ignacio Prado, President of Peru since 1865
- Uruguay · 1825 – present · Venancio Flores, President of Uruguay since 1865
- Ecuador · 1830 – present · Jerónimo Carrión, President of Ecuador since 1865
- Bolivia · 1825 – present · Mariano Melgarejo, president of Bolivia since 1864
and 25 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown22 states
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Wituland · 1858 – 1890
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Yeke Kingdom · 1856 – 1891 · M'siri, | since 1856
- Gaekwad dynasty · 1721 – 1947
- Kazembe · 1740 – 1899
and 12 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1841 – 1891: every state, war and life of 1866 and the years either side, region by region.
- On the map in 1866: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.