State · 1815 – present
Luxembourg
A state of 1815 – present — 211 years, still standing in Europe. It replaced German Confederation. The atlas records 14 things within it — wars and battles 2 · regime change 1 · famine and plague 1 · treaties 3 · people 7. Its line of rulers holds 4 people.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 211 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 4
- the Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- Most ground
- 2,400 km²
- in 1890
- Within it
- 14
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 2
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- German Confederation · replaces · 1815 – 1866
Rulers
The line of Grand Duke of Luxembourg - the office this state names as its head of state.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William I of the Netherlands | 1815 – 1840 | 25 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| William III of the Netherlands | 1849 – 1890 | 41 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | grandchild |
| Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg | 2000 – 2025 | 25 years | abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Guillaume V of Luxembourg | 2025 – in office | in office since 2025 | still in office | child |
4 rulers, 4 with terms dated as terms, covering 1815 – 2025. Median reign 25 years. 0 of 3 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Heads of government
The line of Prime Minister of Luxembourg, drawn and never measured: a cabinet is not a reign.
| Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine | 1848 – 1848 |
| Jean-Jacques Willmar | 1848 – 1853 |
| Charles-Mathias Simons | 1853 – 1860 |
| Victor de Tornaco | 1860 – 1867 |
| Emmanuel Servais | 1867 – 1874 |
| Félix de Blochausen | 1874 – 1885 |
| Édouard Thilges | 1885 – 1888 |
| Paul Eyschen | 1888 – 1915 |
| Mathias Mongenast | 1915 – 1915 |
| Hubert Loutsch | 1915 – 1916 |
| Victor Thorn | 1916 – 1917 |
| Léon Kauffman | 1917 – 1918 |
| Émile Reuter | 1918 – 1925 |
| Pierre Prüm | 1925 – 1926 |
| Joseph Bech | 1926 – 1937 |
| Pierre Dupong | 1937 – 1953 |
| Joseph Bech | 1953 – 1958 |
| Pierre Frieden | 1958 – 1959 |
| Pierre Werner | 1959 – 1974 |
| Gaston Thorn | 1974 – 1979 |
| Pierre Werner | 1979 – 1984 |
| Jacques Santer | 1984 – 1995 |
| Jean-Claude Juncker | 1995 – 2013 |
| Xavier Bettel | 2013 – 2023 |
| Luc Frieden | 2023 – … |
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
2,400 km² in 1895, 2,400 km² in 2015; at its largest 2,400 km² in 1895. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
flag, from 1972Flag of Luxembourg · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1972Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Katepanomegas
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 18993 rows · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Joseph Bech · politician · 1887 – 1975
- Hermann von François · writer · 1856 – 1933
- Luxembourg coup of 1856 · adverse regime change · 1856
1900 – 199910 rows · 2 wars and battles
- Jean-Claude Juncker · politician · 1954 – present
- Schengen Agreement · treaty · 1985
- Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg · ruler · 1955 – present
- Guillaume V of Luxembourg · ruler · 1981 – present
- Jean Asselborn · politician · 1949 – present
- German invasion of Luxembourg · war · 1940
- German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I · battle · 1914 – 1918
- Luxembourg compromise · treaty · 1966
and 2 more in the atlas.
2000 – 20991 row
- COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg · plague · 2020
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood211 years
stood longer than 64% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held2,400 km²
held more ground at its peak than 6% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century0.5
had more wars on record per century than 91% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median25 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 75% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record4
has more rulers on record than 58% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 8 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1794 – 2047, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1890, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q32 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.