State · 1815 – 1866
German Confederation
A state of 1815 – 1866 — 51 years in Europe. It followed Kingdom of Prussia. It was replaced by Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and Kingdom of Bavaria and 5 more. The atlas records 26 things within it — unrest and atrocity 2 · treaties 1 · people 22 · works and ideas 1. Its line of rulers holds 3 people.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 51 years
- 1815 – 1866
- Rulers
- 3
- the Head of the Präsidialmacht Austria
- Most ground
- 341,300 km²
- in 1815
- Within it
- 26
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 2
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Kingdom of Prussia · follows · 1701 – 1918
After it
- North German Confederation · replaced by · 1867 – 1870
- Kingdom of Bavaria · replaced by · 1806 – 1918
- Kingdom of Württemberg · replaced by · 1806 – 1918
- German Empire (1848–1849) · replaced by · 1848 – 1849
- Grand Duchy of Baden · replaced by · 1806 – 1918
- Grand Duchy of Hesse · replaced by · 1806 – 1918
- Luxembourg · replaced by · 1815 – present
- Liechtenstein · replaced by · 1806 – present
Rulers
Read from the state’s own English article and its rulers’ articles, where Wikidata names no ruler.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor | 1815 – 1835 | 20 years | ending not on record | |
| Ferdinand I of Austria | 1835 – 1848 | 13 years | ending not on record | child |
| Franz Joseph I | 1850 – 1866 | 16 years | ending not on record | nephew or niece |
3 rulers, 3 with terms dated as terms, covering 1815 – 1866. Median reign 16 years. 1 of 2 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
341,300 km² in 1815, 282,200 km² in 1855; at its largest 341,300 km² in 1815. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

flag, undatedWar ensign of the German Empire Navy 1848-1852 · Public domain 
coat of arms, undatedWappen Deutscher Bund · Attribution · Drawing created by David Liuzzo
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189926 rows · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres
- The Communist Manifesto · literature · 1848
- Emil Fischer · scientist · 1852 – 1919
- Eduard Bernstein · philosopher · 1850 – 1932
- Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg · politician · 1856 – 1921
- August von Mackensen · commander · 1849 – 1945
- Alfred von Tirpitz · politician · 1849 – 1930
- Otto Liman von Sanders · commander · 1855 – 1929
- Alexander von Kluck · commander · 1846 – 1934
and 18 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood51 years
stood longer than 34% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held341,300 km²
held more ground at its peak than 68% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median16 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 51% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record3
has more rulers on record than 48% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 9 causes the record names and 7 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1805 – 1876, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1815, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q151624 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.