Year
The world in 1861
In 1861 the atlas holds 508 states standing across 6 regions. 46 things began that year - Argentina, American Civil War and Rubidium among them - and 15 ended; 64 people were born and 25 died.
Only what Wikidata dates to the year is counted here; a thing dated to its decade is on the 1860s page, and to its century on the 19th century.
What began in 1861
By kind, the best known first; a war or a state is listed in the year it began.
States 6
- Argentina · state · 1861 – present
- Confederate States of America · state · 1861 – 1865
- Kingdom of Italy · state · 1861 – 1946
- Sultanate of Zanzibar · state · 1861 – 1890
- Union · state · 1861 – 1865
- Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate · state · 1861 – 1918
Wars and battles 21
- American Civil War · war · 1861 – 1865
- Battle of Fort Sumter · battle · 1861
- First Battle of Bull Run · battle · 1861
- Battle of Wilson's Creek · battle · 1861
- Occupation of Araucanía · war · 1861 – 1883
- Battle of Belmont · battle · 1861
- Battle of Big Bethel · battle · 1861
- Battle of Pavón · battle · 1861
- Battle of Ball's Bluff · battle · 1861
- First Battle of Lexington · battle · 1861
and 11 more in the atlas.
Regime change 2
- Xinyou Coup · adverse regime change · 1861
- 1861 Venezuelan coup d'état · adverse regime change · 1861
Unrest and atrocity 2
- 1861 Baltimore riot · unrest · 1861
- Bezdna unrest · unrest · 1861
Natural disasters 1
- Great Flood of 1862 · disaster · 1861 – 1862
Treaties 1
- Franco-Monégasque Treaties · treaty · 1861
Works and ideas 13
- Rubidium · discovery · 1861
- Thallium · discovery · 1861
- Archaeopteryx · discovery · 1861
- Great Expectations · literature · 1861
- 65 Cybele · discovery · 1861
- 64 Angelina · discovery · 1861
- 66 Maja · discovery · 1861
- 67 Asia · discovery · 1861
- 68 Leto · discovery · 1861
- 69 Hesperia · discovery · 1861
and 3 more in the atlas.
What ended in 1861
States that fell or were replaced, and wars and other things that ran past the year they began.
States 10
- Kingdom of Sardinia · state · 1324 – 1861
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies · state · 1738 – 1861
- Argentine Confederation · state · 1831 – 1861
- Ségou Empire · state · 1712 – 1861
- Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) · state · 1720 – 1861
- Savoyard state · state · 1003 – 1861
- State of Buenos Aires · state · 1852 – 1861
- First Dominican Republic · state · 1844 – 1861
- Jefferson Territory · state · 1859 – 1861
- Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune · state · 1848 – 1861
Wars and battles 5
- Expedition of the Thousand · battle · 1860 – 1861
- Bleeding Kansas · war · 1854 – 1861
- Reform War · war · 1857 – 1861
- Siege of Saigon · battle · 1860 – 1861
- Siege of Gaeta · battle · 1860 – 1861
Born and died
By how many Wikipedias write about them.
Born in 1861 64
- Rabindranath Tagore · philosopher · 1861 – 1941
- Fridtjof Nansen · politician · 1861 – 1930
- Alfred North Whitehead · physicist · 1861 – 1947
- José Rizal · revolutionary · 1861 – 1896
- Charles-Édouard Guillaume · physicist · 1861 – 1938
- Rudolf Steiner · philosopher · 1861 – 1925
- Mehmed VI · ruler · 1861 – 1926
- Ferdinand I of Bulgaria · ruler · 1861 – 1948
- Georgy Lvov · statesperson · 1861 – 1925
- Pehr Evind Svinhufvud · politician · 1861 – 1944
- Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig · politician · 1861 – 1928
- Erich von Falkenhayn · politician · 1861 – 1922
- Ranavalona III · statesperson · 1861 – 1917
- Armando Diaz · politician · 1861 – 1928
- Luigi Facta · politician · 1861 – 1930
- Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby · philosopher · 1861 – 1936
and 48 more in the atlas.
Died in 1861 25
- Taras Shevchenko · philosopher · 1814 – 1861
- Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour · politician · 1810 – 1861
- Elizabeth Barrett Browning · poet · 1806 – 1861
- Abdülmecid I · ruler · 1823 – 1861
- Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · painter · 1819 – 1861
- Frederick William IV · politician · 1795 – 1861
- Xianfeng Emperor · ruler · 1831 – 1861
- Pedro V of Portugal · politician · 1837 – 1861
- Ranavalona I · head of state · 1788 – 1861
- Aleksey Yermolov · politician · 1777 – 1861
- Ippolito Nievo · poet · 1831 – 1861
- Jonas Furrer · politician · 1805 – 1861
- Carlos Luis de Borbón · person · 1818 – 1861
- Gabriel Antonio Pereira · politician · 1794 – 1861
- Nathaniel Lyon · military officer · 1818 – 1861
- Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov · military leader · 1793 – 1861
and 9 more in the atlas.
Standing in 1861
The states the atlas holds as standing that year, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office where the record dates it.
Europe106 states
- France · 481 – present
- Spain · 1516 – present · Isabella II, Monarch of Spain since 1833
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Jonas Furrer, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848 and Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold I of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1831
- Sweden · 900 – present · Charles XV, Monarch of Sweden since 1859
- Denmark · 800 – present · Frederick VII of Denmark, Monarch of Denmark since 1848
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present · William III of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 1849
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Napoleon III, French co-prince of Andorra since 1848 and Josep Caixal i Estradé, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1852
- Monaco · 1297 – present · Charles III of Monaco, Prince of Monaco since 1856
- Liechtenstein · 1806 – present · Johann II of Liechtenstein, Prince of Lichtenstein since 1858
and 96 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa64 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdülmecid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1839 and Abdulaziz, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1861
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1855
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, shah since 1848
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Ottoman Egypt · 1517 – 1867
- Sokoto Caliphate · 1804 – 1903
- Emirate of Jabal Shammar · 1836 – 1921 · Talal bin Abdullah Al Rashid, Amir since 1848
and 54 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa49 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia since 1856
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Orange Free State · 1854 – 1902
- South African Republic · 1852 – 1902
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888 · Pedro V of Kongo, Manikongo since 1859
- Sultanate of Zanzibar · 1861 – 1890 · Majid bin Said, Sultan of Zanzibar since 1856
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · Queen Victoria, Monarch since 1837
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897
and 39 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia157 states
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947
- Khanate of Kokand · 1709 – 1876 · Muhammad Khudayar Khan, khan since 1845
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · Muzaffar bin Nasrullah, Amir since 1860
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah V of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1857
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926 · Dost Mohammad Khan, Emir of Afghanistan since 1855
- French India · 1668 – 1954
- Travancore · 1729 – 1949 · Ayilyam Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore since 1860
- Kingdom of Nepal · 1768 – 2008 · Surendra Bikram Shah, King of Nepal since 1847
- Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) · 1846 – 1947 · Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, Raja since 1856
and 147 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia67 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Abdul Momin, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1852
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Xianfeng Emperor, Emperor of China since 1850 and Tongzhi Emperor, Emperor of China since 1861
- Chiang Mai · 1775 – 1884 · Kawilorot Suriyawong, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1854 and Kawilorot Suriyawong, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1861
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Cheoljong of Joseon, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1849
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894 · Radin of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar since 1824
- Perlis · 1842 – 1910 · Syed Hussain ibni Syed Harun Jamalullail, King of Perlis since 1843
- Tokugawa shogunate · 1603 – 1867
- Ryukyu Kingdom · 1429 – 1879 · Shō Tai, King of Ryukyu since 1848
and 57 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania41 states
- United States · 1776 – present · James Buchanan, President of the United States since 1857 and Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States since 1861
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Benito Juárez, President of Mexico since 1858
- Chile · 1810 – present · Manuel Montt, President of Chile since 1851 and José Joaquín Pérez, President of Chile since 1861
- Argentina · 1861 – present · Santiago Derqui, President of Argentina since 1860
- Colombia · 1810 – present · Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia since 1858 and Bartolomé Calvo, President of Colombia since 1861
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present
- Uruguay · 1825 – present · Bernardo Berro, President of Uruguay since 1860
- Ecuador · 1830 – present · Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador since 1861
- Bolivia · 1825 – present · José María Linares, president of Bolivia since 1857 and José María de Achá, president of Bolivia since 1861
and 31 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown24 states
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Wituland · 1858 – 1890
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Yeke Kingdom · 1856 – 1891 · M'siri, | since 1856
- Savoyard state · 1003 – 1861 · Victor Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy since 1849
- Gaekwad dynasty · 1721 – 1947
and 14 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1836 – 1886: every state, war and life of 1861 and the years either side, region by region.
- On the map in 1861: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.