Year
The world in 1291
In 1291 the atlas holds 419 states standing across 6 regions. 4 things began that year - Old Swiss Confederacy, Siege of Acre and Candar dynasty among them - and 3 ended; 3 people were born and 5 died.
Only what Wikidata dates to the year is counted here; a thing dated to its decade is on the 1290s page, and to its century on the 13th century.
What began in 1291
By kind, the best known first; a war or a state is listed in the year it began.
States 2
- Old Swiss Confederacy · state · 1291 – 1798
- Candar dynasty · state · 1291 – 1461
Wars and battles 1
- Siege of Acre · battle · 1291
Treaties 1
- Treaty of Tarascon · treaty · 1291
What ended in 1291
States that fell or were replaced, and wars and other things that ran past the year they began.
States 2
- Kingdom of Jerusalem · state · 1099 – 1291
- Lordship of Beirut · state · 1110 – 1291
Wars and battles 1
- Crusades · war · 1095 – 1291
Born and died
By how many Wikipedias write about them.
Born in 1291 3
- Pope Clement VI · bishop · 1291 – 1352
- Afonso IV of Portugal · ruler · 1291 – 1357
- Veera Ballala III · ruler · 1291 – 1343
Died in 1291 5
- Rudolf I of Germany · person · 1218 – 1291
- Eleanor of Provence · politician · 1223 – 1291
- Alfonso III of Aragon · ruler · 1265 – 1291
- Arghun · ruler · 1258 – 1291
- Solamish · ruler · 1272 – 1291
Standing in 1291
The states the atlas holds as standing that year, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office where the record dates it.
Europe240 states
- France · 481 – present
- Sweden · 900 – present · Birger, King of Sweden, Monarch of Sweden since 1290
- Denmark · 800 – present · Eric VI of Denmark, Monarch of Denmark since 1286
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Pere d'Urtx, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1278 and Roger-Bernard III of Foix, French co-prince of Andorra since 1278
- San Marino · 301 – present
- Holy Roman Empire · 962 – 1806
- Vikings · 793 – 1332
- Goths · 100 – 1475
- Golden Horde · 1243 – 1502 · Toqta, khan since 1290
- House of Habsburg · 1001 – 1780
and 230 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa61 states
- Byzantine Empire · 285 – 1453 · Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor since 1282
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Kingdom of Jerusalem · 1099 – 1291 · Henry II of Cyprus, monarch since 1285
- Ilkhanate · 1256 – 1335 · Arghun, khan since 1284 and Gaykhatu, khan since 1291
- Ayyubid dynasty · 1171 – 1341 · Al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan of Egypt since 1290
- Sultanate of Rum · 1077 – 1307 · Mesud II, Sultan of Rum since 1284
- Mamluk Sultanate · 1250 – 1517 · Al-Hakim I, Abbasid caliph since 1262 and Al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan of Egypt since 1290
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Yagbe'u Seyon, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1285
- Empire of Trebizond · 1204 – 1461 · John II of Trebizond, emperor of Trebizond since 1280
- Emirate of Granada · 1238 – 1492 · Muhammad II of Granada, emir of Granada since 1273
and 51 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa11 states
- Mali Empire · 1235 – 1670
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897 · Oguola, Oba of Benin since 1280
- Ajuran Sultanate · 1201 – 1700
- Sultanate of Ifat · 1285 – 1415
- Kilwa Sultanate · 957 – 1513
- Kingdom of Nri · 1000 – 1911
- Warsangali Sultanate · 1218 – 1886
- Kingdom of Damot · 1100 – 1317
- Kingdom of Ardra · 1100 – 1724
- Sultanate of Mogadishu · 901 – 1600
and 1 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia44 states
- Kathmandu · 1202 – 1761
- Delhi Sultanate · 1206 – 1526 · Jalal-ud-Din Khalji, Sultan of Hindustan (Sultan of Delhi) since 1290
- Chagatai Khanate · 1225 – 1687
- Pandya dynasty · 300 BCE – 1650 CE
- Hoysala Kingdom · 1026 – 1343 · Narasimha III, Hoysala king since 1263
- Khalji dynasty · 1290 – 1320
- White Horde · 1227 – 1500 · Toqta, khan since 1290
- Kakatiya dynasty · 1163 – 1323 · Prataparudra, queen regnant since 1289
- Chandelas of Jejakabhukti · 831 – 1311
- Avar Khanate · 1101 – 1864
and 34 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia35 states
- Mongol Empire · 1206 – 1368 · Kublai Khan, khagan since 1260
- Yuan dynasty · 1271 – 1368 · Kublai Khan, Emperor of China since 1271
- Khmer Empire · 802 – 1431
- Srivijaya · 650 – 1377
- Champa · 192 – 1832 · Jaya Simhavarman III, king since 1285
- Goryeo · 918 – 1392 · Chungnyeol of Goryeo, monarch since 1274
- Pagan Kingdom · 849 – 1297 · Kyawswa of Pagan, King of Burma since 1289
- Sukhothai Kingdom · 1238 – 1438 · Ramkhamhaeng, King of Sukhothai since 1279
- Kamakura shogunate · 1200 – 1333 · Hōjō Sadatoki, Shikken since 1284
- Ahom kingdom · 1228 – 1826
and 25 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania12 states
- Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Ancestral Puebloans · 850 – 1304
- Tuʻi Tonga Empire · 951 – 1826
- Norse settlement of North America · 1072 – 1384
- Chimor · 850 – 1470
- Kingdom of Cusco · 1197 – 1438 · Mayta Cápac, Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco since 1290
- Sican culture · 700 – 1375
- Texcoco · 1202 – 1428
- United Provinces of New Granada · 181 – 1816
- Muisca Confederations · 800 – 1540
and 2 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown16 states
- Rurikids · 862 – 1598
- Burgraviate of Nuremberg · 1105 – 1486
- Langkasuka · 100 – 1500
- House of Ögedei · 1200 – 1400
- Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe · 1220 – 1450
- Möng Mao · 560 – 1604
- Savoyard state · 1003 – 1861
- Airgíalla · 331 – 1585
- Kingdom of al-Abwab · 1276 – 1367
- Kingdom of Rajarata · 601 BCE – 1300 CE
and 6 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1266 – 1316: every state, war and life of 1291 and the years either side, region by region.
- On the map in 1291: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.