State · 1206 – 1368

Mongol Empire

A state of 1206 – 1368 — 162 years in East and Southeast Asia. It replaced Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Western Xia and Qara Khitai and 2 more. It was replaced by Ming dynasty and House of Ögedei. The atlas records 38 things within it — wars and battles 16 · unrest and atrocity 1 · natural disasters 1 · people 20. Its line of rulers holds 20 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 162 years; 1206 – 1368
Rulers: 20; the khagan
Most ground: 27.38 million km²; in 1279
Within it: 38; recorded rows
Symbol: 1; on record, with years

Map: Mongol Empire in 1279, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Mongol Empire in 1279, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 27.38 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Mongol Empire in 1206, first mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Mongol Empire in 1279, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Anushtegin dynasty · replaces · 1077 – 1260
Jin dynasty (1115–1234) · replaces · 1115 – 1234
Nizari Ismaili state · replaces · 1090 – 1256
Western Xia · replaces · 1038 – 1227
Qara Khitai · replaces · 1124 – 1218

After it

Ming dynasty · replaced by · 1368 – 1644
House of Ögedei · replaced by · 1200 – 1400

Rulers

The line of khagan - the office this state names as its head of state.

killed, executed or dead in battledeposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roada second row: a reign that began before the last had ended — rival claimants, or a shared throne

1 terms are shared from [object Object].

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Al-Awhad Ayyub	1200 – 1210	10 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Genghis Khan	1206 – 1227	21 years	died by accidentWikidata's manner of death
Al-Ashraf Musa ibn Adil	1210 – 1220	10 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Al-Muzaffar Ghazi	1220 – 1244	24 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Ögedei Khan	1229 – 1241	12 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Güyük Khan	1246 – 1248	2 years	killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child
Al-Kamil Muhammad	1247 – 1260	13 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Oghul Qaimish	1248 – 1251	3 years	executedWikidata's manner of death
Möngke Khan	1251 – 1259	8 years	killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Kublai Khan	1260 – 1294	34 years	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	sibling
Temür Khan	1294 – 1307	13 years	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	grandchild
Külüg Khan	1307 – 1311	4 years	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	nephew or niece
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan	1311 – 1320	9 years	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	sibling
Gegeen Khan	1320 – 1323	3 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Yesün Temür	1323 – 1328	5 years	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term
Ragibagh Khan	1328 – 1328	under a year	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	child
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür	1328 – 1329	1 year	abdicatedWikidata's end cause on the term
Khutughtu Khan Kusala · from the line of Yuan dynasty	1329 – 1329	under a year	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	sibling
Rinchinbal Khan	1332 – 1332	under a year	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term	child
Toghon Temür	1333 – 1370	37 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death	sibling

20 rulers, 20 with terms dated as terms, covering 1200 – 1370. Median reign 8.5 years. 8 of 19 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

2.46 million km² in 1206, 27.16 million km² in 1286; at its largest 27.16 million km² in 1286. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flag or arms

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

seal, from 1246Imperial Seal of the Mongols 1246 · Public domain

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1200 – 129930 rows · 16 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres

Hulegu Khan · ruler · 1217 – 1265
Ibn Taymiyya · writer · 1263 – 1328
Rashid al-Din Hamadani · inventor · 1247 – 1318
Möngke Khan · ruler · 1209 – 1259
Güyük Khan · ruler · 1206 – 1248
Lord Edward's crusade · war · 1271 – 1272
Mongol invasion of Kyivan Rus' · war · 1223 – 1240
Ariq Böke · person · 1219 – 1266

and 22 more in the atlas.

1300 – 13992 rows

Toghon Temür · ruler · 1320 – 1370
Nogai Khan · person · 1300

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood162 years
stood longer than 57% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held27,377,600 km²
held more ground at its peak than 100% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per century5.6
had more wars on record per century than 100% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median9 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 31% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record20
has more rulers on record than 91% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 20 causes the record names and 2 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linkedcoincidence

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1190 – 1384, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1279, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q12557 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.