State · 1171 – 1341

Ayyubid dynasty

A state of 1171 – 1341 — 170 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It replaced Fatimid Caliphate. The atlas records 28 things within it — wars and battles 10 · people 18. Its line of rulers holds 29 people, 28 with dated terms.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 170 years; 1171 – 1341
Rulers: 29; the Sultan of Egypt
Most ground: 2.04 million km²; in 1192
Within it: 28; recorded rows

Map: Ayyubid dynasty in 1192, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Ayyubid dynasty in 1192, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 2.04 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Ayyubid dynasty in 1192, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Ayyubid dynasty in 1241, last mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Fatimid Caliphate · replaces · 909 – 1171

Rulers

The line of Sultan of Egypt.

killed, executed or dead in battledeposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on record

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Saladin	1169 – 1193	24 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Al-Aziz Uthman	1193 – 1198	5 years	died by accidentWikidata's manner of death	child
Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad	1198 – 1200	2 years	ending not on record	child
Al-Adil I	1200 – 1217	17 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Al-Kamil	1218 – 1238	20 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Adil II	1238 – 1240	2 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
As-Salih Ayyub	1240 – 1249	9 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death	sibling
Al-Muazzam Turanshah	1249 – 1250	1 year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Aybak	1250 – 1250	under a year	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Shajar al-Durr	1250 – 1250	under a year	left office aliveread off the dates alone	spouse
Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt	1250 – 1254	4 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Aybak	1254 – 1257	3 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Mansur Ali	1257 – 1259	2 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Qutuz	1259 – 1260	1 year	ending not on record
Baybars	1260 – 1277	17 years	killedWikidata's manner of death
Al-Sa'id Baraka	1277 – 1279	2 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Solamish	1279 – 1279	under a year	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Qalawun	1279 – 1290	11 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Ashraf Khalil	1290 – 1293	3 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Al-Nasir Muhammad	1293 – 1294	1 year	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Adil Kitbugha	1294 – 1296	2 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Lajin	1296 – 1299	3 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Nasir Muhammad	1299 – 1309	10 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Baibars II	1309 – 1310	1 year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Nasir Muhammad	1310 – 1341	31 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Mansur Abu Bakr	1341 – 1341	under a year	executed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child
Al-Ashraf Kujuk	1341 – 1342	1 year	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	sibling
Al-Nasir Ahmad, Sultan of Egypt	1342 – 1342	under a year	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Salih Ismail	1342 – 1345	3 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Kamil Sha'ban	1345 – 1346	1 year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Muzaffar Hajji	1346 – 1347	1 year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling

29 rulers, 28 with terms dated as terms, covering 1169 – 1347. Median reign 2 years. 4 of 30 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

1.72 million km² in 1181, 1.23 million km² in 1241; at its largest 2.04 million km² in 1201. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1100 – 119910 rows · 5 wars and battles

Third Crusade · war · 1189 – 1192
Al-Kamil · ruler · 1180 – 1238
Al-Adil I · ruler · 1145 – 1218
Battle of Arsuf · battle · 1191
Siege of Acre · battle · 1189 – 1191
Al-Aziz Uthman · ruler · 1171 – 1198
Crusade of 1197 · war · 1197 – 1198
Al-Mu'azzam Isa · ruler · 1176 – 1227

and 2 more in the atlas.

1200 – 129918 rows · 5 wars and battles

Seventh Crusade · war · 1248 – 1254
Fifth Crusade · war · 1213 – 1221
Baybars · ruler · 1228 – 1277
Barhebraeus · philosopher · 1226 – 1286
Qutuz · ruler · 1201 – 1260
Qalawun · ruler · 1223 – 1290
As-Salih Ayyub · ruler · 1205 – 1249
Al-Adil II · ruler · 1221 – 1248

and 10 more in the atlas.

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood170 years
stood longer than 58% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held2,038,000 km²
held more ground at its peak than 91% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per century2.4
had more wars on record per century than 98% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record29
has more rulers on record than 94% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 3 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linkedcoincidence

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1154 – 1358, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1192, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q180114 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.