State · 1099 – 1291
Kingdom of Jerusalem
A state of 1099 – 1291 — 192 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It replaced Fatimid Caliphate and followed early Islamic period in Palestine. It was replaced by Mamluk Sultanate. The atlas records 38 things within it — wars and battles 22 · people 16. Its line of rulers holds 22 people, 21 with dated terms.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 192 years
- 1099 – 1291
- Rulers
- 22
- the monarch
- Most ground
- 53,900 km²
- in 1126
- Within it
- 38
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 3
- on record, with years
1126 · at its largest · 53,900 km²
1272 · last mapped · 2,100 km²
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Fatimid Caliphate · replaces · 909 – 1171
- early Islamic period in Palestine · follows
After it
- Mamluk Sultanate · replaced by · 1250 – 1517
Rulers
The line of monarch.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baldwin I of Jerusalem | 1100 – 1118 | 18 years | ending not on record | |
| Fulk V of Anjou | 1131 – 1143 | 12 years | ending not on record | |
| Melisende of Jerusalem | 1131 – 1152 | 21 years | ending not on record | spouse |
| Baldwin III of Jerusalem | 1143 – 1163 | 20 years | ending not on record | child |
| Amalric of Jerusalem | 1163 – 1174 | 11 years | ending not on record | sibling |
| Baldwin IV of Jerusalem | 1174 – 1185 | 11 years | ending not on record | child |
| Baldwin V of Jerusalem | 1183 – 1183 | under a year | ending not on record | nephew or niece |
| Sibylla of Jerusalem | 1186 – 1190 | 4 years | ending not on record | parent |
| Guy of Lusignan | 1186 – 1192 | 6 years | ending not on record | spouse |
| Conrad of Montferrat | 1190 – 1192 | 2 years | ending not on record | |
| Isabella I of Jerusalem | 1192 – 1205 | 13 years | ending not on record | spouse |
| Aimery of Cyprus | 1198 – 1205 | 7 years | ending not on record | spouse |
| Maria of Montferrat | 1205 – 1212 | 7 years | ending not on record | |
| John of Brienne | 1210 – 1225 | 15 years | ending not on record | spouse |
| Isabella II of Jerusalem | 1212 – 1212 | under a year | ending not on record | child |
| Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor | 1225 – 1243 | 18 years | ending not on record | spouse |
| Plaisance of Antioch | 1258 – 1261 | 3 years | ending not on record | |
| Hugh III of Cyprus | 1268 – 1284 | 16 years | ending not on record | |
| Frederick I Margrave of Meissen | 1269 – 1269 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| John II of Jerusalem | 1284 – 1285 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Henry II of Cyprus | 1285 – 1291 | 6 years | ending not on record | sibling |
22 rulers, 21 with terms dated as terms, covering 1100 – 1291. Median reign 7 years. 9 of 20 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
14,800 km² in 1099, 2,100 km² in 1291; at its largest 53,900 km² in 1129. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

flag, undatedVexillum Regni Hierosolymae · CC BY 3.0 · Ec.Domnowall 
coat of arms, undatedBlason Royaume de Jérusalem · CC BY-SA 3.0 
flag, undatedFlag of Kingdom of Jerusalem · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1000 – 10993 rows · 2 wars and battles
- Siege of Jerusalem · battle · 1099
- Baldwin II of Jerusalem · ruler · 1060 – 1131
- First siege of Arsuf · battle · 1099
1100 – 119928 rows · 15 wars and battles
- Battle of Hattin · battle · 1187
- William of Tyre · writer · 1130 – 1186
- Guy of Lusignan · commander · 1150 – 1194
- Sibylla of Jerusalem · ruler · 1160 – 1190
- Siege of Jerusalem · battle · 1187
- Melisende of Jerusalem · politician · 1105 – 1161
- Baldwin III of Jerusalem · politician · 1130 – 1163
- Amalric of Jerusalem · ruler · 1136 – 1174
and 20 more in the atlas.
1200 – 12997 rows · 5 wars and battles
- Isabella II of Jerusalem · politician · 1212 – 1228
- Siege of Acre · battle · 1291
- Siege of Jerusalem · battle · 1244
- Barons' Crusade · war · 1239 – 1241
- Battle of Forbie · battle · 1244
- Philip of Montfort · person · 1200 – 1270
- War of Saint Sabas · war · 1256 – 1270
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood192 years
stood longer than 61% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held53,900 km²
held more ground at its peak than 35% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century1.0
had more wars on record per century than 96% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median7 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 26% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record22
has more rulers on record than 92% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 5 causes the record names and 1 result, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Theories that apply to its ending
Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.
Challenge, failed response and dissolution
Toynbee 1934 · Toynbee & Somervell 1946
Applies by its own logic: 2 of its 2 conditions held here (it needs all of them), and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — the state's ending.
- territory shrank by 25% over the 100 y ending 25 y before — territory -84
- unrest, adverse regime change or atrocity within 100 y in the state, or a war the state is fighting, still under way, or a war the state fought, ended within 50 y, or battle within 50 y in the state — warEnded; prior
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1080 – 1310, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1126, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q55502 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.