State · 1204 – 1461

Empire of Trebizond

A state of 1204 – 1461 — 257 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It replaced Byzantine Empire. It was replaced by Trebizond eyalet and followed by Ottoman Empire. The atlas records 22 things within it — wars and battles 1 · people 21. Its line of rulers holds 22 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 257 years; 1204 – 1461
Rulers: 22; the emperor of Trebizond
Most ground: 33,100 km²; in 1206
Within it: 22; recorded rows
Symbol: 1; on record, with years

Map: Empire of Trebizond in 1206, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Empire of Trebizond in 1206, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 33,100 km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Byzantine Empire · replaces · 285 – 1453

After it

Ottoman Empire · followed by · 1302 – 1922
Trebizond eyalet · replaced by

Rulers

The line of emperor of Trebizond.

killed, executed or dead in battledeposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on recorda second row: a reign that began before the last had ended — rival claimants, or a shared throne

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
David Komnenos	1204 – 1212	8 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Alexios I of Trebizond	1204 – 1222	18 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Andronikos I of Trebizond	1222 – 1235	13 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	in-law
John I of Trebizond	1235 – 1238	3 years	died by accidentWikidata's manner of death
Manuel I of Trebizond	1238 – 1263	25 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Andronikos II of Trebizond	1263 – 1266	3 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
George, Emperor of Trebizond	1266 – 1280	14 years	ending not on record	sibling
John II of Trebizond	1280 – 1297	17 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Theodora of Trebizond	1284 – 1285	1 year	ending not on record	sibling
Alexios II of Trebizond	1297 – 1330	33 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death	nephew or niece
Andronikos III of Trebizond	1330 – 1332	2 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death	child
Manuel II of Trebizond	1332 – 1332	under a year	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Basil of Trebizond	1332 – 1340	8 years	killedWikidata's manner of death
John III of Trebizond	1342 – 1344	2 years	exiled, imprisoned or confined, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Michael of Trebizond	1344 – 1349	5 years	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	parent
Alexios III of Trebizond	1349 – 1390	41 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Manuel III of Trebizond	1390 – 1417	27 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Alexios IV of Trebizond	1417 – 1429	12 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
John IV of Trebizond	1429 – 1460	31 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Alexander of Trebizond	1451 – 1459	8 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Alexios V of Trebizond	1460 – 1460	under a year	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
David of Trebizond	1460 – 1461	1 year	left office aliveread off the dates alone

22 rulers, 22 with terms dated as terms, covering 1204 – 1461. Median reign 8 years. 6 of 21 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

15,100 km² in 1214, 26,500 km² in 1461; at its largest 26,600 km² in 1394. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flag or arms

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

flag, undatedBanner of the Empire of Trebizond · Public domain

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1200 – 12997 rows · 1 wars and battles

Manuel I of Trebizond · ruler · 1218 – 1263
John I of Trebizond · ruler · 1214 – 1238
Andronikos II of Trebizond · ruler · 1240 – 1266
Alexios II of Trebizond · ruler · 1283 – 1330
John II of Trebizond · ruler · 1262 – 1297
Michael of Trebizond · ruler · 1285 – 1355
Siege of Trebizond · battle · 1205 – 1206

1300 – 13997 rows

Basil of Trebizond · ruler · 1315 – 1340
Manuel II of Trebizond · ruler · 1324 – 1333
Andronikos III of Trebizond · ruler · 1310 – 1332
Alexios III of Trebizond · ruler · 1338 – 1390
John III of Trebizond · ruler · 1321 – 1362
Alexios IV of Trebizond · ruler · 1379 – 1429
Manuel III of Trebizond · ruler · 1364 – 1417

1400 – 14995 rows

Basilios Bessarion · philosopher · 1403 – 1472
David of Trebizond · ruler · 1408 – 1463
John IV of Trebizond · ruler · 1404 – 1460
Alexios V of Trebizond · ruler · 1454 – 1463
Alexander of Trebizond · ruler · 1405 – 1459

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood257 years
stood longer than 69% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held33,100 km²
held more ground at its peak than 29% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median8 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 29% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record22
has more rulers on record than 92% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 4 causes the record names and 4 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

in the articlelinked

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1178 – 1487, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1206, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q178913 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.