Decade · 1840 – 1849
The world in the 1840s
From 1840 to 1849 the atlas holds 562 states standing at some time. 191 things began - Switzerland, New Zealand and Hong Kong among them - and 68 ended; 355 people were born and 217 died.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 1840s
By kind, the best known first.
States 39
- Switzerland · state · 1848 – present
- New Zealand · state · 1841 – present
- Hong Kong · state · 1841
- El Salvador · state · 1841 – present
- Dominican Republic · state · 1844 – present
- Perlis · state · 1842 – 1910
- French Second Republic · state · 1848 – 1852
- British Hong Kong · state · 1841 – 1997
and 31 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 69
- Mexican–American War · war · 1846 – 1848
- First Italian War of Independence · war · 1848 – 1849
- First Anglo-Sikh War · war · 1845 – 1846
- First Schleswig War · war · 1848 – 1851
- Sonderbund War · war · 1847
- Second Anglo-Sikh War · war · 1848 – 1849
- Battle of Novara · battle · 1849
- Battle of Custoza · battle · 1848
and 61 more in the atlas.
Regime change 2
- 3 September 1843 Revolution · adverse regime change · 1843
- Emboscada · adverse regime change · 1846
Unrest and atrocity 33
- Hungarian Revolution of 1848 · unrest · 1848 – 1849
- French Revolution of 1848 · unrest · 1848
- Five Days of Milan · unrest · 1848
- Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire · unrest · 1848
- Kraków Uprising · unrest · 1846
- California genocide · atrocity · 1846 – 1871
- Sicilian revolution of 1848 · unrest · 1848 – 1849
- Slovak Volunteer Campaigns · unrest · 1848 – 1849
and 25 more in the atlas.
Famine and plague 2
- Great Famine · famine · 1845 – 1852
- 1846–1860 cholera pandemic · plague · 1846 – 1860
Natural disasters 1
- 1847 Zenkoji earthquake · disaster · 1847
Treaties 17
- Treaty of Nanking · treaty · 1842
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo · treaty · 1848
- Oregon Treaty · treaty · 1846
- Webster–Ashburton Treaty · treaty · 1842
- London Straits Convention · treaty · 1841
- Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty · treaty · 1846
- Treaty of the Bogue · treaty · 1843
- Treaty of Whampoa · treaty · 1844
and 9 more in the atlas.
Works and ideas 28
- Neptune · discovery · 1846
- Ruthenium · discovery · 1844
- The Communist Manifesto · literature · 1848
- Praseodymium · discovery · 1841
- Terbium · discovery · 1843
- Atoll · discovery · 1842
- Triton · discovery · 1846
- The Three Musketeers · literature · 1844
and 20 more in the atlas.
What ended in the 1840s
States 39
- Republic of Texas · state · 1836 – 1846
- Kingdom of Navarre · state · 1162 – 1841
- Sikh Empire · state · 1733 – 1849
- Federal Republic of Central America · state · 1823 – 1841
- July Monarchy · state · 1830 – 1848
- Kazakh Khanate · state · 1458 – 1847
- Free City of Cracow · state · 1815 – 1846
- Roman Republic (1849–1850) · state · 1849
and 31 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 23
- First Opium War · war · 1839 – 1842
- Mexican–American War · war · 1846 – 1848
- First Anglo-Afghan War · war · 1839 – 1842
- First Italian War of Independence · war · 1848 – 1849
- First Anglo-Sikh War · war · 1845 – 1846
- Second Anglo-Sikh War · war · 1848 – 1849
- First Carlist War · war · 1833 – 1840
- Egyptian–Ottoman War · war · 1839 – 1841
and 15 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 6
- Hungarian Revolution of 1848 · unrest · 1848 – 1849
- Sicilian revolution of 1848 · unrest · 1848 – 1849
- Slovak Volunteer Campaigns · unrest · 1848 – 1849
- Kenesary's Rebellion · unrest · 1837 – 1847
- Balaiada · unrest · 1837 – 1841
- Rebecca Riots · unrest · 1839 – 1843
Born and died
Born 355
- Friedrich Nietzsche · philosopher · 1844 – 1900
- Thomas Edison · inventor · 1847 – 1931
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky · composer · 1840 – 1893
- Émile Zola · poet · 1840 – 1902
- Alexander Graham Bell · inventor · 1847 – 1922
- Anatole France · poet · 1844 – 1924
- Octave Mirbeau · writer · 1848 – 1917
- Wilhelm Röntgen · engineer · 1845 – 1923
- Claude Monet · painter · 1840 – 1926
- Antonín Dvořák · composer · 1841 – 1904
- William McKinley · statesperson · 1843 – 1901
- Henryk Sienkiewicz · writer · 1846 – 1916
- Paul Gauguin · sculptor · 1848 – 1903
- Auguste Rodin · sculptor · 1840 – 1917
- Robert Koch · inventor · 1843 – 1910
- Ivan Pavlov · chemist · 1849 – 1936
and 339 more in the atlas.
Died 217
- Edgar Allan Poe · poet · 1809 – 1849
- Frédéric Chopin · composer · 1810 – 1849
- Katsushika Hokusai · painter · 1760 – 1849
- John Quincy Adams · statesperson · 1767 – 1848
- Andrew Jackson · statesperson · 1767 – 1845
- James K. Polk · statesperson · 1795 – 1849
- William Henry Harrison · statesperson · 1773 – 1841
- Stendhal · diplomat · 1783 – 1842
- Emily Brontë · poet · 1818 – 1848
- Mikhail Lermontov · painter · 1814 – 1841
- Felix Mendelssohn · composer · 1809 – 1847
- John Dalton · physicist · 1766 – 1844
- Joseph Smith · prophet · 1805 – 1844
- Anne Brontë · poet · 1820 – 1849
- Sándor Petőfi · poet · 1823 – 1849
- Friedrich Hölderlin · philosopher · 1770 – 1843
and 201 more in the atlas.
States of the 1840s
The states that stood at some time in the 1840s, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 1840.
Europe130 states
- France · 481 – present
- Spain · 1516 – present · Isabella II, Monarch of Spain since 1833
- Switzerland · 1848 – present
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold I of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1831
- Sweden · 900 – present · Charles XIV John, Monarch of Sweden since 1818
- Denmark · 800 – present · Christian VIII, Monarch of Denmark since 1839
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present · William I of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 1815
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1827 and Louis Philippe I, French co-prince of Andorra since 1830
and 122 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa62 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdülmecid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1839
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Sahle Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1832 and Yohannes III, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1840
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Mohammad Shah Qajar, shah since 1834
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Ottoman Egypt · 1517 – 1867 · Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Beylerbey of Egypt since 1805
and 54 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa51 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888 · André II of Kongo, Manikongo since 1825
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · Queen Victoria, Monarch since 1837
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897
- Buganda · 1420 – 1966 · Suna II of Buganda, Kabaka of Buganda since 1832
and 43 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia173 states
- Mughal Empire · 1526 – 1857 · Bahadur Shah Zafar, Mughal emperor since 1837
- Sikh Empire · 1733 – 1849 · Nau Nihal Singh, Maharaja of Punjab, Kashmir and Jammu since 1839
- Kazakh Khanate · 1458 – 1847
- Khanate of Kokand · 1709 – 1876
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · Nasrullah Khan, Amir since 1827
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah IV of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1829
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926
and 165 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia70 states
- Hong Kong · 1841
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Omar Ali Saifuddin II, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1828
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Daoguang Emperor, Emperor of China since 1820
- Chiang Mai · 1775 – 1884 · Phutthawong, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1826
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949 · Carel Sirardus Willem van Hogendorp, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies since 1840
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Heonjong of Joseon, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1834
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894 · Radin of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar since 1824
and 62 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania46 states
- United States · 1776 – present · Quentin Trembley, President of the United States since 1837 and Martin Van Buren, President of the United States since 1837
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Anastasio Bustamante, President of Mexico since 1839
- Chile · 1810 – present · Joaquín Prieto, President of Chile since 1831
- Colombia · 1810 – present
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present · Agustín Gamarra, President of Peru since 1839
- Uruguay · 1825 – present · Fructuoso Rivera, President of Uruguay since 1839
- Ecuador · 1830 – present · Juan José Flores, President of Ecuador since 1839
and 38 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown30 states
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Kaarta · 1753 – 1854
- Baban · 1600 – 1847
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
and 22 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1820 – 1869: every state, war and life of the 1840s, region by region.
- On the map in 1845: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.