State · 1841 – present
El Salvador
A state of 1841 – present — 185 years, still standing in the Americas and Oceania. It replaced State of El Salvador. The atlas records 49 things within it — wars and battles 2 · regime change 1 · unrest and atrocity 2 · famine and plague 1 · natural disasters 2 · people 41. Its line of rulers holds 44 people, 43 with dated terms.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 185 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 44
- the President of El Salvador
- Most ground
- 21,800 km²
- in 1840
- Within it
- 49
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 13
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- State of El Salvador · replaces
Rulers
The line of President of El Salvador - the office this state names as its head of state.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francisco Morazán | 1839 – 1840 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fermín Palacios | 1844 – 1844 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Malespín | 1844 – 1845 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán | 1845 – 1846 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fermín Palacios | 1846 – 1846 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Félix Quirós | 1848 – 1848 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Doroteo Vasconcelos | 1848 – 1850 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ramón Rodríguez | 1850 – 1850 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Doroteo Vasconcelos | 1850 – 1851 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Félix Quirós | 1851 – 1851 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José María San Martín | 1852 – 1852 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Dueñas | 1852 – 1854 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Vicente Gómez | 1854 – 1854 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José María San Martín | 1854 – 1856 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Dueñas | 1856 – 1856 | under a year | served out the term, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Rafael Campo | 1856 – 1858 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Lorenzo Zepeda | 1858 – 1858 | under a year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Miguel Santín del Castillo | 1858 – 1859 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán | 1859 – 1859 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gerardo Barrios | 1859 – 1863 | 4 years | executed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | in-law |
| José María Peralta | 1860 – 1861 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Dueñas | 1863 – 1871 | 8 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Santiago González | 1871 – 1876 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés del Valle | 1876 – 1876 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Rafael Zaldívar | 1876 – 1885 | 9 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fernando Figueroa | 1885 – 1885 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Francisco Menéndez | 1885 – 1890 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Carlos Ezeta | 1890 – 1894 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez | 1894 – 1895 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Tomás Regalado | 1898 – 1903 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pedro José Escalón | 1903 – 1907 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fernando Figueroa | 1907 – 1911 | 4 years | served out the term, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Manuel Enrique Araujo | 1911 – 1913 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Carlos Meléndez | 1913 – 1914 | 1 year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alfonso Quiñónez Molina | 1914 – 1915 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Carlos Meléndez | 1915 – 1918 | 3 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alfonso Quiñónez Molina | 1918 – 1919 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Jorge Meléndez | 1919 – 1923 | 4 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alfonso Quiñónez Molina | 1923 – 1927 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pío Romero Bosque | 1927 – 1931 | 4 years | exiled, imprisoned or confined, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Arturo Araujo | 1931 – 1931 | under a year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Maximiliano Hernández Martínez | 1931 – 1944 | 13 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés Ignacio Menéndez | 1934 – 1935 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Andrés Ignacio Menéndez | 1944 – 1944 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fidel Sánchez Hernández | 1967 – 1972 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Arturo Armando Molina | 1972 – 1977 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Álvaro Magaña | 1982 – 1984 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Napoleón Duarte | 1984 – 1989 | 5 years | served out the term, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alfredo Cristiani | 1989 – 1994 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Armando Calderón Sol | 1994 – 1999 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Francisco Flores Pérez | 1999 – 2003 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antonio Saca | 2004 – 2009 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| Mauricio Funes | 2009 – 2014 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Salvador Sánchez Cerén | 2014 – 2019 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| Nayib Bukele | 2019 – in office | in office since 2019 | still in office |
44 rulers, 43 with terms dated as terms, covering 1839 – 2019. Median reign 2 years. 6 of 54 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.87, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
21,800 km² in 1841, 21,800 km² in 2021; at its largest 21,800 km² in 1841. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
.svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador_(1822%E2%80%931865).svg.png)
flag, 1822 – 1823Flag of El Salvador (1822–1865) · Public domain 
flag, 1823 – 1824Flag of the United Provinces of Central America · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Huhsunqu 
flag, 1824 – 1841Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Huhsunqu flag, 1841 – 1865Flag of El Salvador (1822–1865) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador_(April_1865).svg.png)
flag, 1865 – 1865Flag of El Salvador (April 1865) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador_(June_1865).svg.png)
flag, 1865 – 1869Flag of El Salvador (June 1865) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador_(1869%E2%80%931873).svg.png)
flag, 1869 – 1873Flag of El Salvador (1869–1873) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador_(1873%E2%80%931875).svg.png)
flag, 1873 – 1875Flag of El Salvador (1873–1875) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador_(1875%E2%80%931912).svg.png)
flag, 1875 – 1912Flag of El Salvador (1875–1912) · Public domain 
flag, 1912 – 1921Flag of El Salvador · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1912Coat of arms of El Salvador · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Federation_of_Central_America_(1921%E2%80%931922).svg.png)
flag, 1921 – 1922Flag of the Federation of Central America (1921–1922) · Public domain
1 more in the atlas.
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189929 rows
- Maximiliano Hernández Martínez · ruler · 1882 – 1966
- Rafael Zaldívar · ruler · 1834 – 1903
- Tomás Regalado · ruler · 1861 – 1906
- Andrés Ignacio Menéndez · ruler · 1879 – 1962
- Pedro José Escalón · ruler · 1847 – 1923
- Fernando Figueroa · ruler · 1849 – 1919
- Manuel Enrique Araujo · ruler · 1865 – 1913
- Jorge Meléndez · ruler · 1871 – 1953
and 21 more in the atlas.
1900 – 199917 rows · 1 wars and battles · 3 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Nayib Bukele · ruler · 1981 – present
- Óscar Romero · religious leader · 1917 – 1980
- Mauricio Funes · ruler · 1959 – 2025
- Salvador Sánchez Cerén · ruler · 1944 – present
- Antonio Saca · ruler · 1965 – present
- Salvadoran Civil War · war · 1979 – 1992
- José Napoleón Duarte · ruler · 1925 – 1990
- Alfredo Cristiani · ruler · 1947 – present
and 9 more in the atlas.
2000 – 20993 rows · 1 wars and battles
- COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador · plague · 2020
- January 2001 El Salvador earthquake · disaster · 2001
- Salvadoran gang crackdown · battle · 2022
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood185 years
stood longer than 60% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held21,800 km²
held more ground at its peak than 22% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century0.5
had more wars on record per century than 91% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record44
has more rulers on record than 97% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 7 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1822 – 2045, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1840, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q792 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.