State · 1848 – 1852
French Second Republic
A state of 1848 – 1852 — 4 years in Europe. It replaced July Monarchy. It was replaced by Second French Empire. The atlas records 16 things within it — regime change 1 · unrest and atrocity 1 · people 13 · works and ideas 1. Its line of rulers holds 4 people.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 4 years
- 1848 – 1852
- Rulers
- 4
- the Head of state
- Most ground
- 864,600 km²
- in 1849
- Within it
- 16
- recorded rows
- Symbol
- 1
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- July Monarchy · replaces · 1830 – 1848
After it
- Second French Empire · replaced by · 1852 – 1870
Rulers
Read from the state’s own English article and its rulers’ articles, where Wikidata names no ruler.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| François Arago | 1848 – 1848 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure | 1848 – 1848 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Louis-Eugène Cavaignac | 1848 – 1848 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Napoleon III | 1848 – 1852 | 4 years | ending not on record |
4 rulers, 4 with terms dated as terms, covering 1848 – 1852. Only 4 years of the line are dated - too short for a median. 0 of 3 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 1.00, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
860,000 km² in 1848, 628,600 km² in 1852. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flag or arms
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
flag, from 1853Flag of France · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189916 rows · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Guy de Maupassant · writer · 1850 – 1893
- Paul Gauguin · artist · 1848 – 1903
- Vilfredo Pareto · inventor · 1848 – 1923
- Ferdinand Foch · commander · 1851 – 1929
- Gyroscope · discovery · 1852
- Joseph Joffre · commander · 1852 – 1931
- Joseph Gallieni · politician · 1849 – 1916
- Charles Dupuy · ruler · 1851 – 1923
and 8 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood4 years
stood longer than 12% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held864,600 km²
held more ground at its peak than 82% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- Rulers on record4
has more rulers on record than 58% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 2 causes the record names and 1 result, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1838 – 1862, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1849, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q58326 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.