Year
The world in 1859
In 1859 the atlas holds 517 states standing across 6 regions. 26 things began that year - A Tale of Two Cities, 57 Mnemosyne and Hexamethylenetetramine among them - and 9 ended; 63 people were born and 25 died.
Only what Wikidata dates to the year is counted here; a thing dated to its decade is on the 1850s page, and to its century on the 19th century.
What began in 1859
By kind, the best known first; a war or a state is listed in the year it began.
States 4
- United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia · state · 1859 – 1881
- United Provinces of Central Italy · state · 1859 – 1860
- Ger · state · 1859
- Jefferson Territory · state · 1859 – 1861
Wars and battles 14
- Second Italian War of Independence · war · 1859
- Battle of Solferino · battle · 1859
- Pig War · war · 1859
- Battle of Magenta · battle · 1859
- Hispano-Moroccan War · war · 1859 – 1860
- Battle of Montebello · battle · 1859
- Federal War · war · 1859 – 1863
- Battle of Palestro · battle · 1859
- Battle of Varese · battle · 1859
- Battle of San Fermo · battle · 1859
and 4 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 2
- John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry · unrest · 1859
- 1859 Chilean revolution · unrest · 1859
Natural disasters 1
- 1859 Shamakhi earthquake · disaster · 1859
Treaties 2
- Armistice of Villafranca · treaty · 1859
- Treaty of Zürich · treaty · 1859
Works and ideas 3
- A Tale of Two Cities · literature · 1859
- 57 Mnemosyne · discovery · 1859
- Hexamethylenetetramine · discovery · 1859
What ended in 1859
States that fell or were replaced, and wars and other things that ran past the year they began.
States 9
- New Caledonia · state · 1856 – 1859
- Principality of Moldavia · state · 1346 – 1859
- Duchy of Parma and Piacenza · state · 1545 – 1859
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio · state · 1452 – 1859
- Caucasian Imamate · state · 1828 – 1859
- Oregon Territory · state · 1848 – 1859
- Second Empire of Haiti · state · 1849 – 1859
- Oudh State · state · 1732 – 1859
- Principality of Svaneti · state · 1463 – 1859
Born and died
By how many Wikipedias write about them.
Born in 1859 63
- Arthur Conan Doyle · physician · 1859 – 1930
- L. L. Zamenhof · inventor · 1859 – 1917
- Henri Bergson · philosopher · 1859 – 1941
- Knut Hamsun · poet · 1859 – 1952
- Pierre Curie · physicist · 1859 – 1906
- Wilhelm II · monarch · 1859 – 1941
- John Dewey · philosopher · 1859 – 1952
- Svante Arrhenius · astronomer · 1859 – 1927
- Edmund Husserl · mathematician · 1859 – 1938
- Verner von Heidenstam · painter · 1859 – 1940
- Jerome K. Jerome · writer · 1859 – 1927
- Billy the Kid · person · 1859 – 1881
- Sholem Aleichem · writer · 1859 – 1916
- Alexandre Millerand · politician · 1859 – 1943
- George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston · explorer · 1859 – 1925
- Yuan Shikai · military leader · 1859 – 1916
and 47 more in the atlas.
Died in 1859 25
- Alexander von Humboldt · explorer · 1769 – 1859
- Alexis de Tocqueville · philosopher · 1805 – 1859
- Washington Irving · politician · 1783 – 1859
- Klemens von Metternich · politician · 1773 – 1859
- Thomas Babington Macaulay · politician · 1800 – 1859
- John Brown · politician · 1800 – 1859
- Oscar I of Sweden · monarch · 1799 – 1859
- Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies · politician · 1810 – 1859
- Josip Jelačić · politician · 1801 – 1859
- Archduke John of Austria · politician · 1782 – 1859
- Nana Saheb Peshwa II · politician · 1820 – 1859
- Mountstuart Elphinstone · politician · 1779 – 1859
- Tatya Tope · commander · 1814 – 1859
- William H. Prescott · writer · 1796 – 1859
- Abd al-Rahman of Morocco · politician · 1779 – 1859
- Mirabeau B. Lamar · politician · 1798 – 1859
and 9 more in the atlas.
Standing in 1859
The states the atlas holds as standing that year, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office where the record dates it.
Europe113 states
- France · 481 – present
- Spain · 1516 – present · Isabella II, Monarch of Spain since 1833
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Jonas Furrer, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848 and Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1848
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold I of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1831
- Sweden · 900 – present · Oscar I of Sweden, Monarch of Sweden since 1844 and Charles XV, Monarch of Sweden since 1859
- Denmark · 800 – present · Frederick VII of Denmark, Monarch of Denmark since 1848
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present · William III of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 1849
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Napoleon III, French co-prince of Andorra since 1848 and Josep Caixal i Estradé, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1852
- Monaco · 1297 – present · Charles III of Monaco, Prince of Monaco since 1856
- Liechtenstein · 1806 – present · Johann II of Liechtenstein, Prince of Lichtenstein since 1858
and 103 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa63 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdülmecid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1839
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1855
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, shah since 1848
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Ottoman Egypt · 1517 – 1867
- Sokoto Caliphate · 1804 – 1903
- Emirate of Jabal Shammar · 1836 – 1921 · Talal bin Abdullah Al Rashid, Amir since 1848
and 53 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa49 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia since 1856
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Orange Free State · 1854 – 1902 · Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff, State President of the Orange Free State since 1855
- South African Republic · 1852 – 1902
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888 · Álvaro XIII of Kongo, Manikongo since 1857 and Pedro V of Kongo, Manikongo since 1859
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · Queen Victoria, Monarch since 1837
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897
- Buganda · 1420 – 1966 · Muteesa I of Buganda, Kabaka of Buganda since 1856
and 39 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia160 states
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947
- Khanate of Kokand · 1709 – 1876 · Muhammad Khudayar Khan, khan since 1845
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · Nasrullah Khan, Amir since 1827
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah V of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1857
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926 · Dost Mohammad Khan, Emir of Afghanistan since 1855
- French India · 1668 – 1954
- Travancore · 1729 – 1949 · Marthanda Varma II, Maharaja of Travancore since 1846
- Kingdom of Nepal · 1768 – 2008 · Surendra Bikram Shah, King of Nepal since 1847
- Caucasian Imamate · 1828 – 1859 · Imam Shamil, Imam of Dagestan since 1834
and 150 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia68 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Abdul Momin, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1852
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Xianfeng Emperor, Emperor of China since 1850
- Chiang Mai · 1775 – 1884 · Kawilorot Suriyawong, Prince of Chiang Mai since 1854
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Cheoljong of Joseon, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1849
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894 · Radin of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar since 1824
- Perlis · 1842 – 1910 · Syed Hussain ibni Syed Harun Jamalullail, King of Perlis since 1843
- Tokugawa shogunate · 1603 – 1867
- Ryukyu Kingdom · 1429 – 1879 · Shō Tai, King of Ryukyu since 1848
and 58 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania39 states
- United States · 1776 – present · James Buchanan, President of the United States since 1857
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Benito Juárez, President of Mexico since 1858
- Chile · 1810 – present · Manuel Montt, President of Chile since 1851
- Colombia · 1810 – present · Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia since 1858
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present
- Uruguay · 1825 – present
- Ecuador · 1830 – present · Francisco Robles, President of Ecuador since 1856
- Bolivia · 1825 – present · José María Linares, president of Bolivia since 1857
- Paraguay · 1811 – present · Carlos Antonio López, President of Paraguay since 1844
and 29 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown25 states
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Wituland · 1858 – 1890
- Kingdom of Kakongo · 1500 – 1885
- Ngoyo · 1500 – 1885
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Yeke Kingdom · 1856 – 1891 · M'siri, | since 1856
- Savoyard state · 1003 – 1861 · Victor Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy since 1849
- Gaekwad dynasty · 1721 – 1947
and 15 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1834 – 1884: every state, war and life of 1859 and the years either side, region by region.
- On the map in 1859: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.