State · 1346 – 1859
Principality of Moldavia
A state of 1346 – 1859 — 513 years in Europe. It followed Golden Horde and Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526). It was replaced by Bessarabia and United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia and followed by Bukovina District and Bessarabia Governorate. The atlas records 102 things within it — wars and battles 16 · natural disasters 1 · people 85. Its line of rulers holds 104 people.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 513 years
- 1346 – 1859
- Rulers
- 104
- the lord of Moldavia
- Most ground
- 256,100 km²
- in 1600
- Within it
- 102
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 4
- on record, with years
1363 · first mapped · 101,700 km²
1600 · at its largest · 256,100 km²
1857 · last mapped · 54,200 km²
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) · follows · 1301 – 1526
- Golden Horde · follows · 1243 – 1502
After it
- Bessarabia · replaced by · 1812 – 1813
- United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia · replaced by · 1859 – 1881
- Bessarabia Governorate · followed by
- Bukovina District · followed by · 1786 – 1848
Rulers
The line of lord of Moldavia.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dragoș, Voivode of Moldavia | 1347 – 1353 | 6 years | ending not on record | |
| Balc of Moldavia | 1359 – 1359 | under a year | ending not on record | grandchild |
| Bogdan the Founder | 1363 – 1367 | 4 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Petru I of Moldavia | 1367 – 1368 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | grandchild |
| Lațcu of Moldavia | 1368 – 1375 | 7 years | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Costea of Moldavia | 1373 – 1375 | 2 years | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Iuga of Moldavia | 1374 – 1377 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | grandchild |
| Peter II of Moldavia | 1375 – 1391 | 16 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Roman I of Moldavia | 1392 – 1394 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Stephen I of Moldavia | 1394 – 1399 | 5 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | child |
| Iuga of Moldavia | 1399 – 1400 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Alexander the Good | 1400 – 1432 | 32 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Iliaș of Moldavia | 1432 – 1433 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | child |
| Stephen II of Moldavia | 1434 – 1447 | 13 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Iliaș of Moldavia | 1435 – 1443 | 8 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Peter III of Moldavia | 1443 – 1445 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Peter III of Moldavia | 1447 – 1447 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Roman II of Moldavia | 1447 – 1448 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | nephew or niece |
| Ciubăr Vodă | 1448 – 1449 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Alexăndrel of Moldavia | 1449 – 1449 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Bogdan II of Moldavia | 1449 – 1451 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Peter Aaron | 1451 – 1452 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Alexăndrel of Moldavia | 1452 – 1454 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | nephew or niece |
| Peter Aaron | 1454 – 1455 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexăndrel of Moldavia | 1455 – 1455 | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | nephew or niece |
| Stephen the Great | 1457 – 1504 | 47 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Bogdan III the One-Eyed | 1504 – 1517 | 13 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | child |
| Stephen IV of Moldavia | 1517 – 1527 | 10 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Petru Rareș | 1527 – 1538 | 11 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Stephen V of Moldavia | 1538 – 1540 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Alexandru Cornea | 1540 – 1541 | 1 year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Petru Rareș | 1541 – 1546 | 5 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Ilie II Rareș | 1546 – 1551 | 5 years | abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | child |
| Ștefan VI Rareș | 1551 – 1552 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Ioan Joldea | 1552 – 1552 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Alexandru Lăpușneanu | 1552 – 1561 | 9 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Iacob Heraclid | 1561 – 1563 | 2 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Ștefan Tomșa | 1563 – 1564 | 1 year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Alexandru Lăpușneanu | 1564 – 1568 | 4 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Bogdan IV of Moldavia | 1568 – 1572 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | child |
| John III the Terrible | 1572 – 1574 | 2 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Peter the Lame | 1574 – 1577 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ivan Pidkova | 1577 – 1578 | 1 year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Alexandru Potcoavă | 1578 – 1578 | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Peter the Lame | 1578 – 1579 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Iancu Sasul | 1579 – 1582 | 3 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Peter the Lame | 1582 – 1591 | 9 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander III the Bad | 1592 – 1592 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Peter the Cossack | 1592 – 1592 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Aaron the Tyrant | 1592 – 1595 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Ștefan Răzvan | 1595 – 1595 | under a year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Ieremia Movilă | 1595 – 1600 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Michael the Brave | 1600 – 1600 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ieremia Movilă | 1600 – 1606 | 6 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Simion Movilă | 1606 – 1607 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Constantin Movilă | 1607 – 1607 | under a year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | nephew or niece |
| Mihail Movilă | 1607 – 1607 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ștefan II Tomșa | 1611 – 1615 | 4 years | ending not on record | |
| Alexandru Movilă | 1615 – 1616 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Radu Mihnea | 1616 – 1619 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gaspar Graziani | 1619 – 1620 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Alexandru Iliaș | 1620 – 1621 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ștefan II Tomșa | 1621 – 1623 | 2 years | ending not on record | |
| Radu Mihnea | 1623 – 1626 | 3 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Miron Barnovschi-Movilă | 1626 – 1629 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexandru Coconul | 1629 – 1630 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Moise Movilă | 1630 – 1631 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexandru Iliaș | 1631 – 1633 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Miron Barnovschi-Movilă | 1633 – 1633 | under a year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Moise Movilă | 1633 – 1634 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Vasile Lupu | 1634 – 1653 | 19 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gheorghe Ștefan | 1653 – 1653 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Vasile Lupu | 1653 – 1653 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| George Ghica | 1658 – 1659 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ștefăniță Lupu | 1659 – 1661 | 2 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Eustratie Dabija | 1661 – 1665 | 4 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| George Ducas | 1665 – 1666 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Iliaș Alexandru | 1666 – 1668 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| George Ducas | 1668 – 1672 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ștefan Petriceicu | 1673 – 1674 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino | 1674 – 1675 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Antonie Ruset | 1675 – 1678 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| George Ducas | 1678 – 1683 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ștefan Petriceicu | 1683 – 1684 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino | 1684 – 1685 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Dimitrie Cantemir | 1693 – 1693 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantine Ducas | 1693 – 1695 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antioh Cantemir | 1695 – 1700 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantine Ducas | 1700 – 1703 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mihai Racoviță | 1703 – 1705 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Antioh Cantemir | 1705 – 1707 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mihai Racoviță | 1707 – 1709 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicholas Mavrocordatos | 1709 – 1710 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Dimitrie Cantemir | 1710 – 1711 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicholas Mavrocordatos | 1711 – 1715 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mihai Racoviță | 1716 – 1726 | 10 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Grigore II Ghica | 1726 – 1733 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantine Mavrocordatos | 1733 – 1735 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Grigore II Ghica | 1735 – 1741 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantine Mavrocordatos | 1741 – 1743 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| John II Mavrocordatos | 1743 – 1747 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | sibling |
| Grigore II Ghica | 1747 – 1748 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantine Mavrocordatos | 1748 – 1749 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantin Racoviță | 1749 – 1753 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Matei Ghica | 1753 – 1756 | 3 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Constantin Racoviță | 1756 – 1757 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Scarlat Ghica | 1757 – 1758 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| John Theodore Callimachi | 1758 – 1761 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gregory Callimachi | 1761 – 1764 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | child |
| Grigore III Ghica | 1764 – 1767 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gregory Callimachi | 1767 – 1769 | 2 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Constantine Mavrocordatos | 1769 – 1769 | under a year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Grigore III Ghica | 1774 – 1777 | 3 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Constantine Mourouzis | 1777 – 1782 | 5 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alexander Mavrocordatos Delibey | 1782 – 1785 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Mavrocordatos Firaris | 1785 – 1786 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Ypsilantis | 1786 – 1788 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Emanuel Giani Ruset | 1788 – 1789 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Mourouzis | 1792 – 1793 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Michael Drakos Soutzos | 1793 – 1795 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Callimachi | 1795 – 1799 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Constantine Ypsilantis | 1799 – 1801 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | in-law |
| Alexandros Soutzos | 1801 – 1802 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| boier Iordache Cantacuzino, Lord of Pascani, Chancellor of Moldavia | 1802 – 1802 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Mourouzis | 1802 – 1806 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Iordache Ruset-Roznovanu | 1806 – 1806 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Scarlat Callimachi | 1806 – 1806 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Mourouzis | 1806 – 1807 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Hangerli | 1807 – 1807 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Veniamin Costache | 1807 – 1812 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Scarlat Callimachi | 1812 – 1819 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Michael Soutzos | 1819 – 1821 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexander Ypsilantis | 1821 – 1821 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Stefan Bogoridi | 1821 – 1822 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ioan Sturdza | 1822 – 1828 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Mihail Sturdza | 1834 – 1849 | 15 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Grigore Alexandru Ghica | 1849 – 1856 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Teodor Balș | 1856 – 1857 | 1 year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolae Vogoride | 1857 – 1858 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ștefan Catargiu | 1858 – 1858 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Vasile Sturdza | 1858 – 1859 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alexandru Ioan Cuza | 1859 – 1862 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone |
104 rulers, 104 with terms dated as terms, covering 1347 – 1862. Median reign 2 years. 19 of 141 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.74, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
101,700 km² in 1371, 41,900 km² in 1846; at its largest 101,700 km² in 1371. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
flag, 1500 – 1574Flag of Moldavia · Public domain 
coat of arms, 1775 – 1777Coat of arms of Moldavia · Public domain .png/120px-Civil_ensign_of_the_Principality_of_Moldavia_(1834-1861).png)
flag, 1849 – 1859Civil ensign of the Principality of Moldavia (1834-1861) · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1855COA of Moldavia 1855 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Лобачев Владимир . Base: File:Прінціпатꙋл Молдовеі. Пасапорт. COA.jpg , File:Kingdom of R…
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1300 – 139910 rows
- Alexander the Good · ruler · 1375 – 1432
- Dragoș, Voivode of Moldavia · ruler · 1301 – 1354
- Bogdan the Founder · ruler · 1306 – 1367
- Peter II of Moldavia · ruler · 1350 – 1391
- Lațcu of Moldavia · ruler · 1345 – 1373
- Roman I of Moldavia · ruler · 1350 – 1394
- Stephen I of Moldavia · ruler · 1364 – 1399
- Balc of Moldavia · ruler · 1301 – 1399
and 2 more in the atlas.
1400 – 149916 rows · 4 wars and battles
- Stephen the Great · ruler · 1439 – 1504
- Petru Rareș · ruler · 1487 – 1546
- Battle of Vaslui · battle · 1475
- Bogdan III the One-Eyed · ruler · 1479 – 1517
- Battle of Baia · battle · 1467
- Battle of Valea Albă · battle · 1476
- Iliaș of Moldavia · ruler · 1409 – 1448
- Bogdan II of Moldavia · ruler · 1409 – 1451
and 8 more in the atlas.
1500 – 159918 rows
- Petro Mohyla · philosopher · 1596 – 1647
- Vasile Lupu · ruler · 1595 – 1661
- Peter the Lame · ruler · 1537 – 1594
- Alexandru Lăpușneanu · ruler · 1500 – 1568
- Iacob Heraclid · ruler · 1511 – 1563
- Aaron the Tyrant · ruler · 1560 – 1597
- Ieremia Movilă · ruler · 1555 – 1606
- Gaspar Graziani · ruler · 1580 – 1620
and 10 more in the atlas.
1600 – 169922 rows · 7 wars and battles
- Dimitrie Cantemir · ruler · 1674 – 1723
- Battle of Khotyn · battle · 1621
- Battle of Khotyn · battle · 1673
- George Ghica · ruler · 1600 – 1664
- Grigore II Ghica · ruler · 1695 – 1752
- George Ducas · ruler · 1620 – 1685
- Nicholas Mavrocordatos · ruler · 1680 – 1730
- John Theodore Callimachi · ruler · 1690 – 1780
and 14 more in the atlas.
1700 – 179925 rows · 4 wars and battles
- Alexander Ypsilantis · ruler · 1792 – 1828
- Battle of Rymnik · battle · 1789
- Gheorghe Asachi · inventor · 1788 – 1869
- Alemdar Mustafa Pasha · politician · 1755 – 1808
- Constantine Ypsilantis · ruler · 1760 – 1816
- Stefan Bogoridi · ruler · 1775 – 1859
- Mihail Sturdza · ruler · 1794 – 1884
- Scarlat Callimachi · ruler · 1773 – 1821
and 17 more in the atlas.
1800 – 189911 rows · 1 wars and battles
- Mihai Eminescu · politician · 1850 – 1889
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza · ruler · 1820 – 1873
- Mihail Kogălniceanu · politician · 1817 – 1891
- Georgi Todorov · commander · 1858 – 1934
- Battle of Kinburn · battle · 1855
- A. C. Cuza · politician · 1857 – 1947
- Grigore Alexandru Ghica · ruler · 1804 – 1857
- 1802 Vrancea earthquake · disaster · 1802
and 3 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood513 years
stood longer than 87% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held256,100 km²
held more ground at its peak than 63% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record104
has more rulers on record than 99% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 3 causes the record names and 2 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Theories that apply to its ending
Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending and 1 some of them; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.
Challenge, failed response and dissolution
Toynbee 1934 · Toynbee & Somervell 1946
Applies by its own logic: 2 of its 2 conditions held here (it needs all of them), and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — the state's ending.
- territory shrank by 25% over the 100 y ending 25 y before — territory -49
- unrest, adverse regime change or atrocity within 100 y in the state, or a war the state is fighting, still under way, or a war the state fought, ended within 50 y, or battle within 50 y in the state — prior
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1295 – 1910, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1600, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q10957559 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.