State · 1720 – 1861

Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)

A state of 1720 – 1861 — 141 years in Europe. It replaced Duchy of Savoy, Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720) and Riviera di San Giulio. It was replaced by Kingdom of Italy. The atlas records 41 things within it — wars and battles 16 · unrest and atrocity 1 · treaties 1 · people 23. Its line of rulers holds 8 people.

Wikidata's English label: Kingdom of Sardinia.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 141 years; 1720 – 1861
Rulers: 8; the King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy
Most ground: 235,100 km²; in 1861
Within it: 41; recorded rows

Map: Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) in 1861, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) in 1861, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 235,100 km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) in 1721, first mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) in 1861, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720) · replaces · 1713 – 1720
Riviera di San Giulio · replaces
Duchy of Savoy · replaces · 1416 – 1860

After it

Kingdom of Italy · replaced by · 1861 – 1946

Rulers

The line of King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy.

deposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roada second row: a reign that began before the last had ended — rival claimants, or a shared throne

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Victor Amadeus II	1720 – 1730	10 years	abdicatedWikidata's end cause on the term
Charles Emmanuel III	1730 – 1773	43 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Victor Amadeus III	1773 – 1796	23 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death	child
Charles Emmanuel IV	1796 – 1802	6 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Victor Emmanuel I	1802 – 1821	19 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Charles Felix of Sardinia	1821 – 1831	10 years	abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	sibling
Charles Albert of Sardinia	1831 – 1849	18 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Victor Emmanuel II	1839 – 1861	22 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child

8 rulers, 8 with terms dated as terms, covering 1720 – 1861. Median reign 18.5 years. 1 of 7 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

71,900 km² in 1730, 235,100 km² in 1861; at its largest 235,100 km² in 1861. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1700 – 179919 rows · 6 wars and battles

Amedeo Avogadro · scientist · 1776 – 1856
Joseph de Maistre · philosopher · 1753 – 1821
Charles Emmanuel III · ruler · 1701 – 1773
Charles Albert of Sardinia · ruler · 1798 – 1849
Victor Amadeus III · ruler · 1726 – 1796
Charles Felix of Sardinia · ruler · 1765 – 1831
Charles Emmanuel IV · ruler · 1751 – 1819
Silvio Pellico · writer · 1789 – 1854

and 11 more in the atlas.

1800 – 189922 rows · 10 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres

Pope Benedict XV · religious leader · 1854 – 1922
Battle of Marengo · battle · 1800
Five Days of Milan · unrest · 1848
Expedition of the Thousand · battle · 1860 – 1861
Vincenzo Gioberti · philosopher · 1801 – 1852
Battle of Magenta · battle · 1859
Goffredo Mameli · writer · 1827 – 1849
Daniele Manin · politician · 1804 – 1857

and 14 more in the atlas.

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood141 years
stood longer than 54% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held235,100 km²
held more ground at its peak than 62% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median19 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 59% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record8
has more rulers on record than 76% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 3 causes the record names and 1 result, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linked

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending and 1 some of them; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 141

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1706 – 1875, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1861, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q2577303 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.