State · 1859 – 1860
United Provinces of Central Italy
A state of 1859 – 1860 — one year in Europe. It replaced Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza and Duchy of Modena and Reggio. Its own article says it was conquered by Sardinia.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- one year
- 1859 – 1860
- Symbols
- 2
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany · replaces · 1569 – 1860
- Duchy of Parma and Piacenza · replaces · 1545 – 1859
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio · replaces · 1452 – 1859
How it ended, as its article says
Conquered by Sardinia, 1860-03. Read from the article's section “lead” by its grammar; the claim is only that the article says so.
Following a plebiscite in March 1860 where the people of the provinces voted in favour of joining the Kingdom of Sardinia, the United Provinces of Central Italy were formally annexed by Sardinia.
One sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

flag, undatedFlag of Italy · Public domain 
coat of arms, undatedCoat of arms of the United Provinces of Central Italy · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Ddurbmonnejg
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood1 years
stood longer than 3% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 3 causes the record names and 1 result, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1849 – 1870, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1860, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q2268597 (CC0) · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · one sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0 · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.