Year
The world in 1891
In 1891 the atlas holds 460 states standing across 6 regions. 25 things began that year - Basketball, The Picture of Dorian Gray and IC 2118 among them - and 4 ended; 90 people were born and 38 died.
Only what Wikidata dates to the year is counted here; a thing dated to its decade is on the 1890s page, and to its century on the 19th century.
What began in 1891
By kind, the best known first; a war or a state is listed in the year it began.
Wars and battles 3
- Chilean Civil War of 1891 · war · 1891
- Battle of Mulayda · battle · 1891
- Hunza–Nagar Campaign · battle · 1891
Famine and plague 1
- Russian famine of 1891–1892 · famine · 1891 – 1892
Natural disasters 1
- 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake · disaster · 1891
Treaties 1
- Madrid Protocol · treaty · 1891
Works and ideas 19
- Basketball · discovery · 1891
- The Picture of Dorian Gray · literature · 1891
- IC 2118 · discovery · 1891
- 323 Brucia · discovery · 1891
- Tesla coil · discovery · 1891
- 303 Josephina · discovery · 1891
- 306 Unitas · discovery · 1891
- 308 Polyxo · discovery · 1891
- 311 Claudia · discovery · 1891
- 314 Rosalia · discovery · 1891
and 9 more in the atlas.
What ended in 1891
States that fell or were replaced, and wars and other things that ran past the year they began.
States 3
- Second Saudi state · state · 1818 – 1891
- Yeke Kingdom · state · 1856 – 1891
- Klein Vrystaat · state · 1886 – 1891
Wars and battles 1
- Sioux Wars · war · 1854 – 1891
Born and died
By how many Wikipedias write about them.
Born in 1891 90
- B. R. Ambedkar · revolutionary · 1891 – 1956
- Antonio Gramsci · philosopher · 1891 – 1937
- Mikhail Bulgakov · physician · 1891 – 1940
- Erwin Rommel · military officer · 1891 – 1944
- Nelly Sachs · poet · 1891 – 1970
- James Chadwick · physicist · 1891 – 1974
- Pär Lagerkvist · poet · 1891 – 1974
- Sergei Prokofiev · composer · 1891 – 1953
- Henry Miller · painter · 1891 – 1980
- Karl Dönitz · politician · 1891 – 1980
- Walther Bothe · inventor · 1891 – 1957
- Ilya Ehrenburg · politician · 1891 – 1967
- Rafael Trujillo · politician · 1891 – 1961
- Antonio Segni · politician · 1891 – 1972
- Walter Model · military officer · 1891 – 1945
- Fumimaro Konoe · politician · 1891 – 1945
and 74 more in the atlas.
Died in 1891 38
- Arthur Rimbaud · poet · 1854 – 1891
- Herman Melville · poet · 1819 – 1891
- Sofya Kovalevskaya · physicist · 1850 – 1891
- Ivan Goncharov · writer · 1812 – 1891
- Pedro II of Brazil · monarch · 1825 – 1891
- Helena Blavatsky · philosopher · 1831 – 1891
- Helmuth von Moltke the Elder · politician · 1800 – 1891
- William Tecumseh Sherman · writer · 1820 – 1891
- John A. Macdonald · politician · 1815 – 1891
- Jules Grévy · statesperson · 1807 – 1891
- Hannibal Hamlin · politician · 1809 – 1891
- Kalākaua · monarch · 1836 – 1891
- Georges Ernest Boulanger · politician · 1837 – 1891
- Mihail Kogălniceanu · politician · 1817 – 1891
- Charles I of Württemberg · politician · 1823 – 1891
- José Manuel Balmaceda · politician · 1840 – 1891
and 22 more in the atlas.
Standing in 1891
The states the atlas holds as standing that year, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office where the record dates it.
Europe93 states
- France · 481 – present · Sadi Carnot, President of the French Republic since 1887
- Spain · 1516 – present · Alfonso XIII, Monarch of Spain since 1886
- Switzerland · 1848 – present · Emil Welti, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1867 and Louis Ruchonnet, Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1875
- Belgium · 1830 – present · Leopold II of Belgium, King of the Belgians since 1865
- Sweden · 900 – present · Oscar II, Monarch of Sweden since 1872
- Denmark · 800 – present · Christian IX, Monarch of Denmark since 1863
- Luxembourg · 1815 – present
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1879 and Sadi Carnot, French co-prince of Andorra since 1887
- Monaco · 1297 – present · Albert I of Monaco, Prince of Monaco since 1889
- Liechtenstein · 1806 – present · Johann II of Liechtenstein, Prince of Lichtenstein since 1858
and 83 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa60 states
- Morocco · 1549 – present
- Qatar · 1870 – present · Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar since 1878
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Abdul Hamid II, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1876
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1889
- Qajar dynasty · 1785 – 1925 · Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, shah since 1848
- Italian Empire · 1882 – 1960 · Umberto I of Italy, King (until 1946) since 1882
- Khanate of Khiva · 1511 – 1920
- French Algeria · 1832 – 1962
- Khedivate of Egypt · 1867 – 1914 · Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt and Sudan since 1879
and 50 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa47 states
- Liberia · 1822 – present · Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia since 1884
- Congo Free State · 1885 – 1908 · Leopold II of Belgium, Sovereign of the Congo Free State since 1885
- Dahomey · 1600 – 1894
- Orange Free State · 1854 – 1902
- German East Africa · 1885 – 1919 · Wilhelm II, Emperor since 1888
- South African Republic · 1852 – 1902 · Paul Kruger, President of the South African Republic since 1883
- German South West Africa · 1884 – 1915
- Asante Empire · 1670 – 1902 · Prempeh I, Asantehemaa since 1888
- Cape Colony · 1795 – 1910 · Queen Victoria, King/Queen since 1837
- Gold Coast · 1821 – 1957 · Queen Victoria, Monarch since 1837
and 37 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia152 states
- British Raj · 1858 – 1947 · Queen Victoria, Emperor of India since 1876
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950 · Chamarajendra Wadiyar X, Maharaja of Mysore since 1868
- Emirate of Bukhara · 1785 – 1920 · ʽAbd al-Ahad Khan, Amir since 1885
- Hyderabad State · 1724 – 1948 · Asaf Jah VI of Hyderabad, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad since 1869
- Emirate of Afghanistan · 1823 – 1926 · Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir of Afghanistan since 1880
- French India · 1668 – 1954
- Travancore · 1729 – 1949
- Kingdom of Nepal · 1768 – 2008 · Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah, King of Nepal since 1881
- Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) · 1846 – 1947 · Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, Raja since 1885
- Kingdom of Sikkim · 1642 – 1975 · Thutob Namgyal, Chogyal since 1874
and 142 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia56 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present · Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan of Brunei Darussalam since 1885
- Qing dynasty · 1616 – 1912 · Guangxu Emperor, Emperor of China since 1875
- Empire of Japan · 1868 – 1947 · Emperor Meiji, Emperor of Japan since 1867
- Dutch East Indies · 1800 – 1949
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Gojong of Korea, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1863
- French Indochina · 1887 – 1954
- Kelantan · 1762 – 1904
- Negeri Sembilan · 1775 – 1894
- Perlis · 1842 – 1910 · Syed Ahmad ibni Syed Hussain Jamalullail, King of Perlis since 1873
- British Hong Kong · 1841 – 1997 · William Des Vœux, Governor of Hong Kong since 1887 and William Robinson, Governor of Hong Kong since 1891
and 46 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania33 states
- United States · 1776 – present · Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States since 1889
- Mexico · 1821 – present · Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico since 1884
- Canada · 1867 – present · Queen Victoria, monarch of Canada since 1867
- Brazil · 1889 – present · Deodoro da Fonseca, President of Brazil since 1889 and Floriano Peixoto, President of Brazil since 1891
- Chile · 1810 – present · José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile since 1886 and Jorge Montt, President of Chile since 1891
- Argentina · 1861 – present · Carlos Pellegrini, President of Argentina since 1890
- Colombia · 1810 – present · Rafael Núñez, President of Colombia since 1886
- New Zealand · 1841 – present
- Peru · 1822 – present · Remigio Morales Bermúdez, President of Peru since 1890
- Uruguay · 1825 – present · Julio Herrera y Obes, President of Uruguay since 1890
and 23 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown19 states
- Triple Alliance · 1882 – 1915
- Kuba Kingdom · 1625 – 1900
- Unfederated Malay States · 1826 – 1946
- Imamate of Futa Jallon · 1725 – 1912 · Bokar Biro, Almamy since 1890
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Yeke Kingdom · 1856 – 1891 · M'siri, | since 1856
- Gaekwad dynasty · 1721 – 1947
- Kazembe · 1740 – 1899
- Ijebu Kingdom · 1500 – 1892
- Mbunda Kingdom · 1700 – 1914 · Mwene Mbandu Kapova I of Mbunda, King since 1870
and 9 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1866 – 1916: every state, war and life of 1891 and the years either side, region by region.
- On the map in 1891: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.