Decade · 990 – 999
The world in the 990s
From 990 to 999 the atlas holds 290 states standing at some time. 18 things began - Maine, Norman conquest of southern Italy and Battle of Svolder among them - and 4 ended; 27 people were born and 29 died, 3 of all these dated only to the decade.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 990s
By kind, the best known first.
States 8
- Maine · state · 990 – 1481
- Vermandois · state · 990 – 1215
- Uqaylid dynasty · state · 990 – 1096
- Vexin · state · 990 – 1084
- Rouergue · state · 990 – 1065
- Azcapotzalco · state · 995 – 1428
- County of Buren · state · 994 – 1795
- Kingdom of Kano · state · 999 – 1349
Wars and battles 9
- Norman conquest of southern Italy · battle · 999 – 1194
- Battle of Svolder · battle · 999 – 1000
- Battle of Maldon · battle · 991
- Battle of Spercheios · battle · 997
- Goryeo–Khitan War · war · 993 – 1022
- Battle of the Orontes · battle · 994
- Battle of Apamea · battle · 998
- First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War · war · 993
and 1 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 1
- Revolt of Tyre · unrest · 996 – 998
What ended in the 990s
States 3
- Samanid Empire · state · 819 – 999
- Afrighids · state · 305 – 995
- Yu'firids · state · 847 – 997
Unrest and atrocity 1
- Revolt of Tyre · unrest · 996 – 998
Born and died
Born 27
- Cnut the Great · monarch · 994 – 1035
- Pope Nicholas II · writer · 990 – 1061
- Conrad II · ruler · 990 – 1039
- Tughril I · military leader · 995 – 1063
- Olaf Haraldsson · monarch · 995 – 1030
- Michael VI Bringas · ruler · 995 – 1059
- Mieszko II Lambert · politician · 990 – 1034
- Samuel Aba · monarch · 990 – 1044
- Harald II of Denmark · monarch · 994 – 1018
- Sancho III of Pamplona · ruler · 994 – 1035
- Alfonso V of León · ruler · 994 – 1028
- George Maniakes · military officer · 998 – 1043
- George I of Georgia · person · 996 – 1027
- Masʽud I · military leader · 998 – 1041
- Hyeonjong of Goryeo · ruler · 992 – 1031
- Otto Orseolo · politician · 993 – 1032
and 11 more in the atlas.
Died 29
- Hugh Capet · person · 940 – 996
- Adalbert of Prague · writer · 956 – 997
- Eric the Victorious · monarch · 945 – 995
- Constantine III of Scotland · politician · 971 – 997
- Kenneth II of Scotland · monarch · 932 – 995
- Géza · politician · 940 – 997
- Theophanu · person · 960 – 991
- Henry II of Bavaria · ruler · 951 – 995
- Egill Skallagrímsson · explorer · 910 – 990
- Emperor Taizong of Song · ruler · 939 – 997
- Leopold I, Margrave of Austria · ruler · 935 – 994
- Sabuktigin · military leader · 942 – 997
- Bermudo II of León · ruler · 953 – 999
- Leo the Deacon · writer · 950 – 992
- Sancho II of Pamplona · ruler · 936 – 994
- Al-Aziz Billah · politician · 955 – 996
and 13 more in the atlas.
States of the 990s
The states that stood at some time in the 990s, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 990.
Europe148 states
- France · 481 – present
- Sweden · 900 – present · Eric the Victorious, Monarch of Sweden since 970
- Denmark · 800 – present · Swein Forkbeard, Monarch of Denmark since 986
- San Marino · 301 – present
- Holy Roman Empire · 962 – 1806
- Vikings · 793 – 1332
- Goths · 100 – 1475
- Kyivan Rus' · 882 – 1240 · Volodymyr the Great, Grand Prince of Kyiv since 980
and 140 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa37 states
- Byzantine Empire · 285 – 1453 · Basil II, Byzantine emperor since 976
- Abbasid Caliphate · 750 – 1258 · Al-Ta'i', Abbasid caliph since 974
- Rhodes · 188 BCE – 1249 CE
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Fatimid Caliphate · 909 – 1171 · Al-Aziz Billah, Fatimid Caliph since 975
- Caliphate of Córdoba · 929 – 1031 · Hisham II of Córdoba, caliph of Córdoba since 976
- Ghana Empire · 100 – 1200
- Buyid dynasty · 934 – 1062 · Baha al-Dawla, Amir since 988
and 29 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa3 states
- Kilwa Sultanate · 957 – 1513
- Sultanate of Mogadishu · 901 – 1600
- Empire of Kitara · 940 – 1300
South Asia38 states
- Tibetans · 850 – 1259
- Chola dynasty · 300 BCE – 1279 CE · Rajaraja I, Chola king since 985
- Kara-Khanid Khanate · 840 – 1212
- Saffarid dynasty · 861 – 1003 · Khalaf ibn Ahmad, Amir of the Saffarid dynasty since 963
- Pala Empire · 750 – 1174 · Mahipala, emperor since 978
- Ghaznavid Empire · 962 – 1187
- Pandya dynasty · 300 BCE – 1650 CE
- Samanid Empire · 819 – 999 · Nuh II, Amir of the Samanids since 976
and 30 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia30 states
- Song dynasty · 960 – 1279 · Emperor Taizong of Song, Emperor of China since 976
- Khmer Empire · 802 – 1431
- Srivijaya · 650 – 1377
- Champa · 192 – 1832 · Harivarman II, king since 989
- Heian period · 794 – 1185
- Goryeo · 918 – 1392
- Liao dynasty · 916 – 1125 · Emperor Shengzong of Liao, Emperor of China since 982
- Pagan Kingdom · 849 – 1297 · Nyaung-u Sawrahan, King of Burma since 956
and 22 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania14 states
- Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Ancestral Puebloans · 850 – 1304
- Zapotec civilization · 6701 BCE – 1201 CE
- Tuʻi Tonga Empire · 951 – 1826
- Chimor · 850 – 1470
- Sican culture · 700 – 1375
- Tiwanaku polity · 300 – 1150
- Wari Empire · 600 – 1100
and 6 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown20 states
- Rurikids · 862 – 1598 · Volodymyr the Great, Grand Prince of Kyiv since 980
- Alania · 801 – 1201
- Hindu Shahis · 850 – 1026 · Jayapala, Maharaja of the Hindu Shahis since 964
- Marwanid dynasty · 983 – 1085
- Langkasuka · 100 – 1500
- Uqaylid dynasty · 990 – 1096
- Möng Mao · 560 – 1604
- Oddiyana · 401 BCE – 1100 CE
and 12 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 970 – 1019: every state, war and life of the 990s, region by region.
- On the map in 995: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.