State · 750 – 1258

Abbasid Caliphate

A state of 750 – 1258 — 508 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It followed Umayyad Caliphate. It was replaced by Ottoman Empire, Fatimid Caliphate and Mamluk Sultanate and 1 more and followed by Ilkhanate and Tulunid Emirate of Egypt. The atlas records 97 things within it — wars and battles 13 · unrest and atrocity 2 · natural disasters 2 · people 80. Its line of rulers holds 49 people, 43 with dated terms.

Held with the record of Abbasids, merged into this one.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 508 years; 750 – 1258
Rulers: 49; the Abbasid caliph
Most ground: 8.16 million km²; in 778
Within it: 97; recorded rows
Symbol: 1; on record, with years

Map: Abbasid Caliphate in 778, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Abbasid Caliphate in 778, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 8.16 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Abbasid Caliphate in 778, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Abbasid Caliphate in 1206, last mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Umayyad Caliphate · follows · 661 – 750

After it

Ottoman Empire · replaced by · 1302 – 1922
Fatimid Caliphate · replaced by · 909 – 1171
Mamluk Sultanate · replaced by · 1250 – 1517
Ilkhanate · followed by · 1256 – 1335
Tulunid Emirate of Egypt · followed by
Tulunids · replaced by · 868 – 905

Rulers

The line of Abbasid caliph - the office this state names as its head of state.

killed, executed or dead in battledeposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on recorda second row: a reign that began before the last had ended — rival claimants, or a shared throne

4 terms are shared from [object Object],[object Object].

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Al-Saffah	750 – 754	4 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Al-Mansur	754 – 775	21 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Mahdi	775 – 785	10 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Hadi	785 – 786	1 year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Harun al-Rashid	786 – 809	23 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Amin	809 – 813	4 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Al-Ma'mun	813 – 833	20 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Mu'tasim	833 – 842	9 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Wathiq	842 – 847	5 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Mutawakkil	847 – 861	14 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	sibling
Al-Muntasir	861 – 862	1 year	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Al-Musta'in	862 – 865	3 years	executedWikidata's manner of death
Al-Mu'tazz	866 – 869	3 years	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	nephew or niece
Al-Muhtadi	869 – 870	1 year	exiled, imprisoned or confined, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Al-Mu'tamid	870 – 892	22 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Mu'tadid	892 – 902	10 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	nephew or niece
Al-Muktafi	902 – 908	6 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Muqtadir	908 – 932	24 years	died in battleWikidata's manner of death	sibling
Al-Qahir	932 – 934	2 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Al-Radi	934 – 940	6 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	nephew or niece
Al-Muttaqi	940 – 944	4 years	killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	sibling
Al-Mustakfi	944 – 946	2 years	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article
Al-Muti'	946 – 974	28 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Ta'i'	974 – 991	17 years	deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child
Al-Qadir	991 – 1031	40 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyab · from the line of Uqaylid dynasty	996 – 1001	5 years	ending not on record
Salih ibn Mirdas · from the line of Mirdasid dynasty	1025 – 1029	4 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Shibl al-Dawla Nasr · from the line of Mirdasid dynasty	1029 – 1038	9 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Qa'im	1031 – 1075	44 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal · from the line of Mirdasid dynasty	1042 – 1062	20 years	ending not on record
Al-Muqtadi	1075 – 1094	19 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Al-Mustazhir	1094 – 1118	24 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Mustarshid	1118 – 1135	17 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Al-Rashid Billah	1135 – 1136	1 year	killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child
Al-Muqtafi	1136 – 1160	24 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	nephew or niece
Al-Mustanjid	1160 – 1170	10 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Mustadi	1170 – 1180	10 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Nasir	1180 – 1225	45 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah	1225 – 1226	1 year	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Mustansir I	1226 – 1242	16 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Al-Musta'sim	1242 – 1258	16 years	executedWikidata's manner of death	child
Al-Mustansir II	1261 – 1261	under a year	died in battleWikidata's manner of death	nephew or niece
Al-Hakim I	1262 – 1302	40 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone

49 rulers, 43 with terms dated as terms, covering 750 – 1302. Median reign 10 years. 17 of 42 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

2.74 million km² in 750, 168,200 km² in 1258; at its largest 8.15 million km² in 775. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flag or arms

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

flag, undatedBlack flag · Public domain

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

700 – 79924 rows · 4 wars and battles

Abu Nuwas · writer · 762 – 814
Harun al-Rashid · ruler · 766 – 809
Al-Kindi · inventor · 796 – 870
Al-Shafi'i · philosopher · 767 – 820
Ahmad ibn Hanbal · philosopher · 780 – 855
Al-Ma'mun · ruler · 786 – 833
Ali al-Rida · politician · 770 – 818
Al-Mansur · ruler · 713 – 775

and 16 more in the atlas.

800 – 89940 rows · 7 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres

Al-Farabi · scientist · 870 – 951
Abu Bakr al-Razi · inventor · 864 – 925
Muhammad al-Bukhari · philosopher · 810 – 870
Al-Masudi · writer · 896 – 957
Al-Tabari · philosopher · 839 – 922
Ahmad ibn Fadlan · explorer · 879 – 922
Al-Mutawakkil · ruler · 822 – 861
Al-Baladhuri · writer · 820 – 892

and 32 more in the atlas.

900 – 99915 rows · 1 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres

Ibn al-Haytham · inventor · 965 – 1049
Almanzor · politician · 938 – 1002
Al-Radi · ruler · 910 – 940
Al-Muttaqi · ruler · 908 – 968
Al-Mustakfi · ruler · 904 – 949
Al-Maqdisi · scientist · 945 – 1000
Al-Muti' · ruler · 913 – 974
Al-Ta'i' · ruler · 929 – 1003

and 7 more in the atlas.

1000 – 10996 rows

Al-Qa'im · ruler · 1001 – 1075
Al-Mustarshid · ruler · 1092 – 1135
Al-Muqtadi · ruler · 1056 – 1094
Al-Mustazhir · ruler · 1077 – 1118
Al-Muqtafi · ruler · 1096 – 1160
Qutalmish · person · 1001 – 1064

1100 – 11999 rows

Al-Nasir · ruler · 1158 – 1225
Al-Mustansir I · ruler · 1192 – 1242
Al-Rashid Billah · ruler · 1110 – 1138
Ibn al-Jawzi · philosopher · 1126 – 1201
Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah · ruler · 1175 – 1226
Al-Mustansir II · ruler · 1190 – 1261
Al-Mustanjid · ruler · 1116 – 1170
Al-Mustadi · ruler · 1142 – 1180

and 1 more in the atlas.

1200 – 12993 rows · 1 wars and battles

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi · scientist · 1201 – 1274
Siege of Baghdad · battle · 1258
Al-Musta'sim · ruler · 1212 – 1258

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood508 years
stood longer than 87% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held8,160,200 km²
held more ground at its peak than 98% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per century0.6
had more wars on record per century than 91% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median10 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 35% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record49
has more rulers on record than 97% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 41 causes the record names and 5 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linkedcoincidence

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 699 – 1309, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 778, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q12536 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.