State · 861 – 1003

Saffarid dynasty

A state of 861 – 1003 — 142 years in South Asia. The atlas records 6 things within it — people 6. Its line of rulers holds 8 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 142 years; 861 – 1003
Rulers: 8; the Amir of the Saffarid dynasty
Most ground: 2.44 million km²; in 898
Within it: 6; recorded rows

Map: Saffarid dynasty in 898, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Saffarid dynasty in 898, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 2.44 million km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.

Rulers

The line of Amir of the Saffarid dynasty.

killed, executed or dead in battledeposed, abdicated, exiled or removeddied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on record

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar	861 – 879	18 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Amr ibn al-Layth	879 – 901	22 years	executedWikidata's manner of death	sibling
Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr	901 – 909	8 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	grandchild
Al-Layth	909 – 910	1 year	the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Layth	910 – 911	1 year	ending not on record	sibling
Amr ibn Ya'qub	912 – 913	1 year	ending not on record
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad	923 – 963	40 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone
Khalaf ibn Ahmad	963 – 1003	40 years	exiled, imprisoned or confined, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child

8 rulers, 8 with terms dated as terms, covering 861 – 1003. Median reign 13 years. 1 of 7 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

4,900 km² in 861, 2.15 million km² in 891; at its largest 2.15 million km² in 891. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

800 – 8994 rows

Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar · ruler · 840 – 879
Amr ibn al-Layth · ruler · 840 – 901
Al-Layth · ruler · 860 – 928
Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr · ruler · 883 – 999

900 – 9992 rows

Khalaf ibn Ahmad · ruler · 937 – 1009
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad · ruler · 906 – 963

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood142 years
stood longer than 54% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held2,437,800 km²
held more ground at its peak than 93% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median18 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 56% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record8
has more rulers on record than 76% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 142

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 847 – 1017, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 898, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q45310 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.