Decade · 1440 – 1449
The world in the 1440s
From 1440 to 1449 the atlas holds 483 states standing at some time. 44 things began - Crimean Khanate, Battle of Varna and Duchy of Athens among them - and 12 ended; 56 people were born and 47 died, 1 of all these dated only to the decade.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 1440s
By kind, the best known first.
States 16
- Crimean Khanate · state · 1441 – 1783
- Duchy of Athens · state · 1444 – 1458
- Nogai Horde · state · 1440 – 1634
- House of Braganza · state · 1442
- Duchy of Urbino · state · 1443 – 1631
- Giray dynasty · state · 1441
- League of Lezhë · state · 1444 – 1479
- Palatine Zweibrücken · state · 1444 – 1801
and 8 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 23
- Battle of Varna · battle · 1444
- Battle of Kosovo · battle · 1448
- Tumu Crisis · battle · 1449
- Albanian–Venetian War · war · 1447 – 1448
- Battle of Torvioll · battle · 1444
- Battle of Nish · battle · 1443
- Old Zurich War · war · 1440 – 1446
- Battle of the Iron Gate · battle · 1442
and 15 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 2
- Praguerie · unrest · 1440
- Skanderbeg's rebellion · unrest · 1443 – 1468
Treaties 3
- Peace of Szeged · treaty · 1444
- Concordat of Vienna · treaty · 1448
- Treaty of Kyehae · treaty · 1443 – 1510
What ended in the 1440s
States 9
- Duchy of Aquitaine · state · 841 – 1449
- Bavaria-Ingolstadt · state · 1392 – 1447
- Duchy of Thuringia · state · 631 – 1440
- Principality of Kastrioti · state · 1389 – 1444
- Reddi Kingdom · state · 1325 – 1448
- Kingdom of the Canary Islands · state · 1402 – 1448
- Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal · state · 1341 – 1447
- Kingdom of Trinacria · state · 1282 – 1442
and 1 more in the atlas.
Wars and battles 3
- Albanian–Venetian War · war · 1447 – 1448
- Old Zurich War · war · 1440 – 1446
- Dutch–Hanseatic War · war · 1438 – 1441
Born and died
Born 56
- Sandro Botticelli · painter · 1445 – 1510
- Pope Julius II · religious leader · 1443 – 1513
- Lorenzo de' Medici · politician · 1449 – 1492
- Kabir · philosopher · 1440 – 1518
- Bayezid II · monarch · 1447 – 1512
- Edward IV · monarch · 1442 – 1483
- Ivan III of Russia · statesperson · 1440 – 1505
- Matthias Corvinus · monarch · 1443 – 1490
- Ali-Shir Nava'i · philosopher · 1441 – 1501
- Ladislaus the Posthumous · ruler · 1440 – 1457
- Lady Margaret Beaufort · writer · 1443 – 1509
- Galeazzo Maria Sforza · politician · 1444 – 1477
- Meñli I Giray · ruler · 1445 – 1515
- Alfonso II of Naples · person · 1448 – 1495
- Chenghua Emperor · painter · 1447 – 1487
- George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence · politician · 1449 – 1478
and 40 more in the atlas.
Died 47
- Jan van Eyck · architect · 1390 – 1441
- Pope Eugene IV · philosopher · 1383 – 1447
- Ulugh Beg · astronomer · 1394 – 1449
- John VIII Palaiologos · monarch · 1392 – 1448
- Władysław III of Poland · monarch · 1424 – 1444
- Leonardo Bruni · philosopher · 1370 – 1444
- Christopher of Bavaria · monarch · 1416 – 1448
- Shah Rukh · military leader · 1377 – 1447
- Vlad II Dracul · monarch · 1395 – 1447
- Blanche I of Navarre · ruler · 1387 – 1441
- Gilles de Rais · military personnel · 1405 – 1440
- Elizabeth of Luxembourg · person · 1409 – 1442
- Filippo Maria Visconti · statesperson · 1392 – 1447
- Al-Maqrizi · theologian · 1364 – 1442
- Frederick I of Brandenburg · military personnel · 1371 – 1440
- Itzcoatl · ruler · 1380 – 1440
and 31 more in the atlas.
States of the 1440s
The states that stood at some time in the 1440s, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 1440.
Europe267 states
- France · 481 – present
- Sweden · 900 – present
- Denmark · 800 – present · Christopher of Bavaria, Monarch of Denmark since 1440
- Andorra · 1278 – present · Arnau Roger de Pallars, Episcopal Co-Prince since 1436 and Gaston IV of Foix, French co-prince of Andorra since 1436
- Monaco · 1297 – present
- San Marino · 301 – present
- Holy Roman Empire · 962 – 1806
- Spanish Empire · 1402 – 1899 · Francesc d'Erill i de Centelles, Viceroy of Sardinia since 1437
and 259 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa58 states
- Ottoman Empire · 1302 – 1922 · Murad II, sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1421
- Byzantine Empire · 285 – 1453 · John VIII Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor since 1425
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Timurid Empire · 1370 – 1507
- Mamluk Sultanate · 1250 – 1517 · Al-Mu'tadid II, Abbasid caliph since 1414
- Ethiopian Empire · 1270 – 1975 · Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1434
- Empire of Trebizond · 1204 – 1461 · John IV of Trebizond, emperor of Trebizond since 1429
- Emirate of Granada · 1238 – 1492
and 50 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa17 states
- Mali Empire · 1235 – 1670
- Kingdom of Kongo · 1395 – 1888
- Mutapa Empire · 1430 – 1760 · Nyatsimba Mutota, King of Mutapa since 1420
- Kingdom of Benin · 1170 – 1897 · Ewuare, Oba of Benin since 1440
- Buganda · 1420 – 1966
- Oyo Empire · 1400 – 1905
- Adal Sultanate · 1415 – 1577 · Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din, Sultan of the Adal Sultanate since 1433
- Ajuran Sultanate · 1201 – 1700
and 9 more; every state of Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia70 states
- Kathmandu · 1202 – 1761
- Delhi Sultanate · 1206 – 1526 · Muhammad Shah IV, Sultan of Hindustan (Sultan of Delhi) since 1434
- Vijayanagara Empire · 1336 – 1646 · Deva Raya II, head of state since 1423
- Chagatai Khanate · 1225 – 1687
- Kingdom of Mysore · 1399 – 1950 · Chamaraja Wodeyar I, Maharaja of Mysore since 1423
- Nogai Horde · 1440 – 1634
- Pandya dynasty · 300 BCE – 1650 CE
- Bahmani Kingdom · 1347 – 1527
and 62 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia43 states
- Brunei · 1368 – present
- Ming dynasty · 1368 – 1644 · Emperor Yingzong of Ming, Emperor of China since 1435
- Joseon · 1392 – 1897 · Sejong the Great, king of Joseon Dynasty since 1418
- Majapahit · 1293 – 1527
- Champa · 192 – 1832 · Indravarman VI, king since 1400
- Ayutthaya Kingdom · 1350 – 1767
- Ryukyu Kingdom · 1429 – 1879
- Malacca Sultanate · 1400 – 1511
and 35 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania12 states
- Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Inca Empire · 1438 – 1572 · Pachacuti, Sapa Inca since 1438
- Tenochtitlan · 1325 – 1521 · Tlacacuitlahuatzin, tlatoani since 1395 and Itzcoatl, tlatoani since 1427
- Aztec Empire · 1325 – 1521 · Tlacacuitlahuatzin, tlatoani since 1395 and Moctezuma I, tlatoani since 1440
- Tuʻi Tonga Empire · 951 – 1826
- Purépecha Empire · 1300 – 1530
- Chimor · 850 – 1470
- Tlaxcala · 1348 – 1520
and 4 more; every state of Americas and Oceania.
Location unknown16 states
- Rurikids · 862 – 1598
- Great Horde · 1433 – 1502
- Burgraviate of Nuremberg · 1105 – 1486
- Langkasuka · 100 – 1500
- Kingdom of Sine · 1350 – 1969
- Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe · 1220 – 1450
- Möng Mao · 560 – 1604 · Si Renfa, Ruler of Möng Mao since 1413
- Savoyard state · 1003 – 1861 · Amadeus VIII of Savoy, Duke of Savoy since 1416 and Louis I, Duke of Savoy, Duke of Savoy since 1440
and 8 more; every state of Location unknown.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1420 – 1469: every state, war and life of the 1440s, region by region.
- On the map in 1445: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.