Century · 400 BCE – 301 BCE
The world in the 4th century BCE
From 400 BCE to 301 BCE the atlas holds 120 states standing at some time, 30 of them founded in it - Cremona and Maurya Empire the best known - and 34 ending in it. 85 wars, risings, treaties, discoveries and other events began - Battle of Gaugamela, Battle of Issus and Battle of Chaeronea the best known of the events; 217 people were born.
A century here is counted as Wikidata counts it, 400 BCE to 301 BCE, and holds every row that began in it, however coarsely dated.
What began in the 4th century BCE
By decade first - wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey - then by kind, the best known first.
Wars and battles 78
- Battle of Gaugamela · battle · 331 BCE
- Battle of Issus · battle · 333 BCE
- Battle of Chaeronea · battle · 338 BCE
- Battle of the Hydaspes · battle · 326 BCE
- Battle of the Granicus · battle · 334 BCE
- Samnite Wars · war · 343 – 290 BCE
- Corinthian War · war · 395 – 387 BCE
- Battle of Leuctra · battle · 371 BCE
and 70 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 1
- Great Satraps' Revolt · unrest · 366 – 360 BCE
Treaties 5
- Peace of Antalcidas · treaty · 387 BCE
- Partition of Babylon · treaty · 323 BCE
- Partition of Triparadisus · treaty · 321 BCE
- Peace of Philocrates · treaty · 346 BCE
- Second Treaty of Rome-Carthage · treaty · 348 BCE
Works and ideas 1
- Caesarean section · discovery · 320 BCE
States founded and fallen
Founded 30
- Cremona · state · 400 BCE
- Maurya Empire · state · 322 – 185 BCE
- Seleucid Empire · state · 312 – 63 BCE
- Peloponnesian War · state · 323 – 257 BCE
- Thebes · state · 366 – 351 BCE
- Xiongnu · state · 301 BCE – 500 CE
- Cyrenaica · state · 331 – 92 BCE
- Zhongshan · state · 366 – 292 BCE
- Ptolemaic Kingdom · state · 305 – 30 BCE
- Atropatene · state · 323 BCE – 226 CE
- Lysimachus · state · 323 – 282 BCE
- Mauretania · state · 301 BCE – 698 CE
- Antigonid dynasty · state · 306 – 168 BCE
- League of Corinth · state · 337 – 322 BCE
and 16 more in the atlas.
Ended 34
- Achaemenid Empire · state · 550 – 330 BCE
- Olmecs · state · 650 – 351 BCE
- Thebes · state · 366 – 351 BCE
- Magadha · state · 1201 – 345 BCE
- Moab · state · 1301 – 400 BCE
- Scythia · state · 800 – 400 BCE
- Mahajanapadas · state · 600 – 345 BCE
- League of Corinth · state · 337 – 322 BCE
- Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt · state · 380 – 343 BCE
- Argead dynasty · state · 700 – 309 BCE
- Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt · state · 398 – 378 BCE
- Latin League · state · 651 – 338 BCE
- Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt · state · 404 – 399 BCE
- Nanda Empire · state · 345 – 321 BCE
and 20 more in the atlas.
Born in the 4th century BCE
The best known first, by how many Wikipedias write about them.
- Aristotle · philosopher · 384 – 322 BCE
- Alexander the Great · monarch · 356 – 323 BCE
- Euclid · mathematician · 334 – 285 BCE
- Ashoka · politician · 304 – 232 BCE
- Epicurus · philosopher · 342 – 270 BCE
- Chanakya · philosopher · 375 – 283 BCE
- Demosthenes · politician · 384 – 322 BCE
- Mencius · philosopher · 372 – 289 BCE
- Menander · poet · 342 – 291 BCE
- Theophrastus · physicist · 371 – 287 BCE
- Zhuang Zhou · philosopher · 369 – 288 BCE
- Philip II of Macedon · monarch · 383 – 336 BCE
- Zeno of Citium · philosopher · 334 – 263 BCE
- Chandragupta Maurya · ruler · 340 – 297 BCE
- Pyrrhus of Epirus · monarch · 318 – 272 BCE
- Ptolemy I Soter · military personnel · 367 – 282 BCE
- Darius III · monarch · 380 – 330 BCE
- Aristarchus of Samos · astronomer · 310 – 230 BCE
- Seleucus I Nicator · ruler · 358 – 281 BCE
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus · ruler · 308 – 246 BCE
- Pharnavaz I · politician · 326 – 234 BCE
- Callimachus · poet · 306 – 240 BCE
- Pytheas · explorer · 359 – 289 BCE
- Roxana · person · 345 – 310 BCE
and 193 more in the atlas.
States of the 4th century BCE
Every state that stood at some time in the 4th century BCE, by region, the best known first.
Europe22 states
- Ancient Greece · 1201 BCE – 600 CE
- Ancient Rome · 753 BCE – 476 CE
- Roman Republic · 509 – 27 BCE
- Cremona · 400 BCE
- Macedonia · 808 – 167 BCE
- Etruscan civilization · 750 – 265 BCE
- Scythians · 700 – 201 BCE
- Peloponnesian War · 323 – 257 BCE
- Thebes · 366 – 351 BCE
- Colchis · 1701 – 164 BCE
- Scythia · 800 – 400 BCE
- Bosporan Kingdom · 437 BCE – 370 CE
and 10 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa36 states
- Ancient Egypt · 4001 – 30 BCE
- Babylon · 1894 BCE – 1 CE
- Troy · 3000 BCE – 500 CE
- Achaemenid Empire · 550 – 330 BCE
- Phoenicia · 2500 – 64 BCE
- Seleucid Empire · 312 – 63 BCE
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Kingdom of Aksum · 401 BCE – 960 CE
- Cyrenaica · 331 – 92 BCE
- Kingdom of Kush · 2180 BCE – 350 CE
- Ancient Carthage · 814 – 146 BCE
- Kingdom of Armenia · 553 BCE – 428 CE
and 24 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
South Asia20 states
- Maurya Empire · 322 – 185 BCE
- Magadha · 1201 – 345 BCE
- Gandhara · 751 BCE – 535 CE
- Mahajanapadas · 600 – 345 BCE
- Yuezhi · 404 BCE – 42 CE
- Kalinga · 301 – 261 BCE
- Nanda Empire · 345 – 321 BCE
- Avanti · 701 – 301 BCE
- Shaishunaga dynasty · 413 – 345 BCE
- Malla · 601 – 301 BCE
- Surasena · 701 – 301 BCE
- Zhangzhung · 501 BCE – 625 CE
and 8 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia28 states
- Zhou dynasty · 1101 – 256 BCE
- Warring States period · 476 – 221 BCE
- Xiongnu · 301 BCE – 500 CE
- Zhongshan · 366 – 292 BCE
- Old Chosŏn · 2333 – 108 BCE
- Chu (state) · 722 – 223 BCE
- Qin · 905 – 221 BCE
- Yan (state) · 750 – 223 BCE
- Qi (state) · 1045 – 221 BCE
- Lu · 1101 – 249 BCE
- Zhao · 403 – 222 BCE
- Eastern Zhou · 771 – 256 BCE
and 16 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania3 states
- Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Olmecs · 650 – 351 BCE
- Zapotec civilization · 6701 BCE – 1201 CE
Location unknown11 states
- Argead dynasty · 700 – 309 BCE
- Kambojas · 301 BCE
- Chedi kingdom · 601 – 301 BCE
- Eastern Ye · 301 BCE – 500 CE
- Qedarites · 801 – 201 BCE
- Oddiyana · 401 BCE – 1100 CE
- Dao · 1001 – 222 BCE
- Kingdom of Rajarata · 601 BCE – 1300 CE
- Eastern Zhou (state) · 770 – 249 BCE
- Xǔ · 1064 – 375 BCE
- Ruo · 1046 – 256 BCE
Its decades and years
The decades and years with a page of their own.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 401 BCE – 301 BCE: every state, war and life of the 4th century BCE, region by region.
- On the map in 351 BCE: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.