State · 814 – 146 BCE

Ancient Carthage

A state of 814 – 146 BCE — 668 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It followed Phoenicia. It was replaced by Africa and followed by Mauretania, Hispania and Sicilia. The atlas records 46 things within it — wars and battles 28 · people 18. Its line of rulers holds 14 people, 11 with dated terms. Its own article says it was dissolved by Roman Senate.

Held with the record of Carthage, merged into this one.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 668 years; 814 BCE – 146 BCE
Rulers: 14; the monarch of Carthage
Most ground: 453,800 km²; in 218 BCE
Within it: 46; recorded rows
Symbol: 1; on record, with years

Map: Ancient Carthage in 218 BCE, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Ancient Carthage in 218 BCE, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 453,800 km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Ancient Carthage in 650 BCE, first mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Ancient Carthage in 218 BCE, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Phoenicia · follows · 2500 – 64 BCE

After it

Africa · replaced by
Hispania · followed by
Mauretania · followed by · 301 BCE – 698 CE
Sicilia · followed by

How it ended, as its article says

Dissolved by Roman Senate. Read from the article's section “History - Aftermath” by its grammar; the claim is only that the article says so.

Located near the site of Carthage, its purpose was to provide arable land for impoverished farmers, but it was soon abolished by the Roman Senate to undermine Gracchus' power.

One sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Rulers

The line of monarch of Carthage.

killed, executed or dead in battledied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on record

A collegial office: 1 holders, drawn and never measured - Carthage elected two shophetim (suffetes) each year.

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Mago I of Carthage	550 BCE – 530 BCE	20 years	the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone
Hasdrubal I of Carthage	530 BCE – 510 BCE	20 years	ending not on record	child
Hamilcar I of Carthage	510 BCE – 490 BCE	20 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Hanno the Navigator	480 BCE – 440 BCE	40 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Hannibal Mago	440 BCE – 406 BCE	34 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Himilco	406 BCE – 396 BCE	10 years	died by suicideWikidata's manner of death
Mago II of Carthage	396 BCE – 375 BCE	21 years	ending not on record
Hanno I the Great	370 BCE – 357 BCE	13 years	ending not on record
Giscon	339 BCE – 313 BCE	26 years	ending not on record	child
Hamilcar	313 BCE – 309 BCE	4 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Bomilcar	309 BCE – 308 BCE	1 year	executedWikidata's manner of death

14 rulers, 11 with terms dated as terms, covering 550 BCE – 308 BCE. Median reign 20 years. 1 of 10 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

3,700 km² in 639 BCE, 46,300 km² in 146 BCE; at its largest 403,500 km² in 214 BCE. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flag or arms

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

emblem, undatedTanit Symbol · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Stegop

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

700 BCE – 601 BCE1 row

Mago I of Carthage · ruler · 601 BCE

600 BCE – 501 BCE3 rows

Hanno the Navigator · ruler · 501 – 402 BCE
Himilco · explorer · 551 – 501 BCE
Malchus · ruler · 581 – 541 BCE

500 BCE – 401 BCE3 rows

Hannibal Mago · ruler · 471 – 406 BCE
Himilco · ruler · 402 – 396 BCE
Bomilcar · ruler · 401 – 308 BCE

400 BCE – 301 BCE2 rows

Agathocles of Syracuse · politician · 361 – 289 BCE
Hasdrubal Gisco · commander · 301 – 202 BCE

300 BCE – 201 BCE36 rows · 27 wars and battles

Hannibal · commander · 247 – 183 BCE
Hamilcar Barca · commander · 275 – 228 BCE
Battle of Zama · battle · 202 BCE
Hasdrubal Barca · commander · 245 – 207 BCE
Hasdrubal the Fair · politician · 270 – 221 BCE
Mago Barca · commander · 243 – 203 BCE
Hanno II the Great · politician · 290 – 193 BCE
Syphax · person · 250 – 202 BCE

and 28 more in the atlas.

200 BCE – 101 BCE1 row · 1 wars and battles

Siege of Carthage · battle · 149 – 146 BCE

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood668 years
stood longer than 92% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held453,800 km²
held more ground at its peak than 73% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median20 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 62% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record14
has more rulers on record than 87% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 3 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linked

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending and 1 some of them; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

Challenge, failed response and dissolution
Toynbee 1934 · Toynbee & Somervell 1946
Applies by its own logic: 2 of its 2 conditions held here (it needs all of them), and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — the state's ending.
- territory shrank by 25% over the 100 y ending 25 y before — territory -78
- unrest, adverse regime change or atrocity within 100 y in the state, or a war the state is fighting, still under way, or a war the state fought, ended within 50 y, or battle within 50 y in the state — warOngoing; prior

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 881 BCE – 79 BCE, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 218 BCE, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q2429397 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · one sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0 · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.