The world in the 490s BCE

Wars and battles 11

• Greco-Persian Wars · war · 499 – 449 BCE
• Battle of Marathon · battle · 490 BCE
• Ionian Revolt · war · 499 – 493 BCE
• Battle of Lade · battle · 494 BCE
• Battle of Lake Regillus · battle · 497 BCE
• First Persian invasion of Greece · war · 492 – 490 BCE
• Siege of Naxos · battle · 499 BCE
• Siege of Eretria · battle · 490 BCE

and 3 more in the atlas.

Wars and battles 2

• Ionian Revolt · war · 499 – 493 BCE
• First Persian invasion of Greece · war · 492 – 490 BCE

Born 6

• Sophocles · philosopher · 496 – 406 BCE
• Pericles · statesperson · 495 – 429 BCE
• Protagoras · philosopher · 490 – 420 BCE
• Empedocles · naturalist · 492 – 434 BCE
• Zeno of Elea · mathematician · 490 – 425 BCE
• Hellanicus of Lesbos · writer · 490 – 405 BCE

Died 4

• Pythagoras · mathematician · 571 – 496 BCE
• Sun Tzu · philosopher · 544 – 496 BCE
• Bimbisara · ruler · 558 – 491 BCE
• Amyntas I of Macedon · ruler · 540 – 498 BCE

Europe12 states

• Ancient Greece · 1201 BCE – 600 CE
• Ancient Rome · 753 BCE – 476 CE · Titus Aebutius Helva, Roman consul since 499 BCE and Gaius Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Roman consul since 499 BCE
• Roman Republic · 509 – 27 BCE · Titus Aebutius Helva, Roman consul since 499 BCE and Gaius Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Roman consul since 499 BCE
• Macedonia · 808 – 167 BCE
• Etruscan civilization · 750 – 265 BCE
• Scythians · 700 – 201 BCE
• Colchis · 1701 – 164 BCE
• Scythia · 800 – 400 BCE

and 4 more; every state of Europe.

Middle East and North Africa21 states

• Ancient Egypt · 4001 – 30 BCE · Darius the Great, pharaoh since 522 BCE
• Babylon · 1894 BCE – 1 CE
• Troy · 3000 BCE – 500 CE
• Achaemenid Empire · 550 – 330 BCE · Atossa, queen since 522 BCE and Darius the Great, King of Kings since 522 BCE
• Phoenicia · 2500 – 64 BCE
• Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE · Atossa, queen since 522 BCE and Darius the Great, King of Kings since 522 BCE
• Kingdom of Kush · 2180 BCE – 350 CE
• Ancient Carthage · 814 – 146 BCE · Hamilcar I of Carthage, monarch of Carthage since 510 BCE

and 13 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.

South Asia18 states

• Magadha · 1201 – 345 BCE · Bimbisara, king since 544 BCE
• Gandhara · 751 BCE – 535 CE
• Mahajanapadas · 600 – 345 BCE
• Panchala · 901 – 401 BCE
• Avanti · 701 – 301 BCE
• Vajjika League · 701 – 401 BCE
• Malla · 601 – 301 BCE
• Surasena · 701 – 301 BCE

and 10 more; every state of South Asia.

East and Southeast Asia27 states

• Zhou dynasty · 1101 – 256 BCE · King Jing of Zhou (Gai), Chinese king since 519 BCE
• Spring and Autumn period · 771 – 476 BCE · King Jing of Zhou (Gai), Chinese king since 519 BCE
• Old Chosŏn · 2333 – 108 BCE
• Chu (state) · 722 – 223 BCE
• Qin · 905 – 221 BCE
• Yan (state) · 750 – 223 BCE
• Qi (state) · 1045 – 221 BCE · Duke Jing of Qi, Lord of Qi since 547 BCE
• Lu · 1101 – 249 BCE

and 19 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.

Americas and Oceania3 states

• Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
• Olmecs · 650 – 351 BCE
• Zapotec civilization · 6701 BCE – 1201 CE

Location unknown13 states

• Argead dynasty · 700 – 309 BCE
• Chedi kingdom · 601 – 301 BCE
• Qedarites · 801 – 201 BCE
• Licchavis of Vaishali · 701 – 468 BCE
• Kingdom of Tambapanni · 543 – 437 BCE · Panduvasdeva of Upatissa Nuwara, head of state since 504 BCE
• Dao · 1001 – 222 BCE
• Kingdom of Rajarata · 601 BCE – 1300 CE
• Dai (Spring and Autumn period) · 1001 – 457 BCE

and 5 more; every state of Location unknown.