State · 1918 – 1939
Second Polish Republic
A state of 1918 – 1939 — 21 years in Europe. It replaced Austria-Hungary, Congress Poland and Cisleithania and 4 more and followed German Empire, Russian Republic and Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia. It was replaced by Polish People's Republic, Polish Underground State and Galician Soviet Socialist Republic and 1 more and followed by Soviet Union, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Slovak Republic and 1 more. The atlas records 91 things within it — wars and battles 25 · regime change 1 · unrest and atrocity 8 · treaties 5 · people 52. Its line of rulers holds 4 people. Its own article says it was conquered.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 21 years
- 1918 – 1939
- Rulers
- 4
- the chief of state (Poland)
- Most ground
- 372,700 km²
- in 1939
- Within it
- 91
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 3
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Russian Republic · follows · 1917
- Austria-Hungary · replaces · 1867 – 1918
- Cisleithania · replaces · 1867 – 1918
- Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918) · replaces · 1916 – 1918
- Regency Council · replaces · 1917 – 1918
- Rada Narodowa Księstwa Cieszyńskiego · replaces
- German Empire · follows · 1871 – 1918
- Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia · follows · 1919 – 1920
- Congress Poland · replaces · 1815 – 1915
- Republic of Central Lithuania · replaces · 1920 – 1922
After it
- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic · followed by · 1919 – 1991
- Soviet Union · followed by · 1923 – 1991
- General Government · followed by · 1939 – 1945
- Polish Underground State · replaced by · 1939 – 1945
- Polish government-in-exile · replaced by
- Polish People's Republic · replaced by · 1944 – 1989
- Slovak Republic · followed by · 1939 – 1945
- Galician Soviet Socialist Republic · replaced by · 1920
How it ended, as its article says
Conquered, 1939. Read from the article's section “lead” by its grammar; the claim is only that the article says so.
The Second Republic was taken over in 1939 on the eve of its twenty-first anniversary, after it was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of the Second World War.
One sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Rulers
The line of chief of state (Poland).
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Józef Piłsudski | 1918 – 1922 | 4 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Gabriel Narutowicz | 1922 – 1922 | under a year | killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Stanisław Wojciechowski | 1922 – 1926 | 4 years | ending not on record | |
| Ignacy Mościcki | 1926 – 1939 | 13 years | ending not on record |
4 rulers, 4 with terms dated as terms, covering 1918 – 1939. Only 21 years of the line are dated - too short for a median. 3 of 3 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
371,900 km² in 1923, 372,700 km² in 1939; at its largest 372,700 km² in 1939. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
.svg/120px-Flag_of_Poland_(1919%E2%80%931928).svg.png)
flag, 1919 – 1928Flag of Poland (1919–1928) · Public domain .svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931939).svg.png)
coat of arms, 1928 – 1956Coat of arms of Poland (1928–1939) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931980).svg.png)
flag, 1928 – 1980Flag of Poland (1928–1980) · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1900 – 199990 rows · 25 wars and battles · 9 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Wisława Szymborska · writer · 1923 – 2012
- Stanisław Lem · scientist · 1921 – 2006
- Andrzej Wajda · artist · 1926 – 2016
- Invasion of Poland · battle · 1939
- Zbigniew Brzezinski · scientist · 1928 – 2017
- Polish–Soviet War · war · 1919 – 1921
- Tadeusz Mazowiecki · politician · 1927 – 2013
- Ryszard Kapuściński · writer · 1932 – 2007
and 82 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood21 years
stood longer than 23% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held372,700 km²
held more ground at its peak than 69% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century3.0
had more wars on record per century than 99% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- Rulers on record4
has more rulers on record than 58% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 42 causes the record names and 8 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1908 – 1949, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1939, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q207272 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · one sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0 · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.