State · 1815 – present
Kingdom of the Netherlands
A state of 1815 – present — 211 years, still standing in Europe. The atlas records 65 things within it — wars and battles 10 · unrest and atrocity 2 · famine and plague 4 · natural disasters 2 · treaties 5 · people 42. Its line of rulers holds 8 people.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 211 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 8
- the King of the Netherlands
- Most ground
- 2.07 million km²
- in 1940
- Within it
- 65
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 3
- on record, with years
1815 · first mapped · 70,900 km²
1940 · at its largest · 2.07 million km²
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.
Rulers
The line of King of the Netherlands - the office this state names as its head of state.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William I of the Netherlands | 1815 – 1840 | 25 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| William II of the Netherlands | 1840 – 1849 | 9 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | child |
| William III of the Netherlands | 1849 – 1890 | 41 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | child |
| Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont | 1890 – 1898 | 8 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | spouse |
| Wilhelmina of the Netherlands | 1890 – 1948 | 58 years | abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | child |
| Juliana of the Netherlands | 1948 – 1980 | 32 years | abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | child |
| Beatrix of the Netherlands | 1980 – 2013 | 33 years | abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | child |
| Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands | 2013 – in office | in office since 2013 | still in office | child |
8 rulers, 8 with terms dated as terms, covering 1815 – 2013. Median reign 32 years. 2 of 7 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Heads of government
The line of Prime Minister of the Netherlands, drawn and never measured: a cabinet is not a reign.
| Jacob de Kempenaer | 1848 – 1849 |
| Gerrit Schimmelpenninck | 1848 – 1848 |
| Johan Rudolph Thorbecke | 1849 – 1853 |
| Floris Adriaan van Hall | 1853 – 1856 |
| Justinus van der Brugghen | 1856 – 1858 |
| Jan Jacob Rochussen | 1858 – 1860 |
| Floris Adriaan van Hall | 1860 – 1861 |
| Schelto van Heemstra | 1861 – 1862 |
| Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt | 1861 – 1861 |
| Johan Rudolph Thorbecke | 1862 – 1866 |
| Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt | 1866 – 1868 |
| Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte | 1866 – 1866 |
| Pieter Philip van Bosse | 1868 – 1871 |
| Johan Rudolph Thorbecke | 1871 – 1872 |
| Gerrit de Vries | 1872 – 1874 |
| Jan Heemskerk Azn. | 1874 – 1877 |
| Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello | 1877 – 1879 |
| Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg | 1879 – 1883 |
| Jan Heemskerk Azn. | 1883 – 1888 |
| Æneas Mackay | 1888 – 1891 |
| Gijsbert van Tienhoven | 1891 – 1894 |
| Joan Röell | 1894 – 1897 |
| Nicolaas Pierson | 1897 – 1901 |
| Abraham Kuyper | 1901 – 1905 |
| Theo de Meester | 1905 – 1908 |
| Theo Heemskerk | 1908 – 1913 |
| Pieter Cort van der Linden | 1913 – 1918 |
| Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | 1918 – 1925 |
| Hendrikus Colijn | 1925 – 1926 |
| Dirk Jan de Geer | 1926 – 1929 |
| Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | 1929 – 1933 |
| Hendrikus Colijn | 1933 – 1939 |
| Dirk Jan de Geer | 1939 – 1940 |
| Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy | 1940 – 1945 |
| Wim Schermerhorn | 1945 – 1946 |
| Louis Beel | 1946 – 1948 |
| Willem Drees | 1948 – 1958 |
| Louis Beel | 1958 – 1959 |
| Jan Eduard de Quay | 1959 – 1963 |
| Victor Marijnen | 1963 – 1965 |
| Jo Cals | 1965 – 1966 |
| Jelle Zijlstra | 1966 – 1967 |
| Piet de Jong | 1967 – 1971 |
| Barend Biesheuvel | 1971 – 1973 |
| Joop den Uyl | 1973 – 1977 |
| Dries van Agt | 1977 – 1982 |
| Ruud Lubbers | 1982 – 1994 |
| Wim Kok | 1994 – 2002 |
| Jan Peter Balkenende | 2002 – 2010 |
| Mark Rutte | 2010 – 2024 |
| Dick Schoof | 2024 – 2026 |
| Rob Jetten | 2026 – … |
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
70,900 km² in 1815, 38,100 km² in 2015; at its largest 70,900 km² in 1815. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
coat of arms, undatedState coat of arms of the Netherlands · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Sodacan 
flag, from 1690Flag of the Netherlands · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1980Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Sodacan
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189927 rows · 4 wars and battles
- Vincent van Gogh · artist · 1853 – 1890
- Hendrik Lorentz · scientist · 1853 – 1928
- Pieter Zeeman · scientist · 1865 – 1943
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals · scientist · 1837 – 1923
- Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff · inventor · 1852 – 1911
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes · inventor · 1853 – 1926
- Piet Mondrian · artist · 1872 – 1944
- M. C. Escher · artist · 1898 – 1972
and 19 more in the atlas.
1900 – 199932 rows · 6 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Mark Rutte · politician · 1967 – present
- Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands · ruler · 1967 – present
- Beatrix of the Netherlands · ruler · 1938 – present
- Edsger W. Dijkstra · inventor · 1930 – 2002
- Juliana of the Netherlands · ruler · 1909 – 2004
- Dick Schoof · politician · 1957 – present
- Theo van Gogh · writer · 1957 – 2004
- Operation Market Garden · battle · 1944
and 24 more in the atlas.
2000 – 20994 rows · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands · plague · 2020
- November 2024 Amsterdam riots · atrocity · 2024
- COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao · plague · 2020
- COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten · plague · 2020
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood211 years
stood longer than 64% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held2,069,400 km²
held more ground at its peak than 91% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century0.5
had more wars on record per century than 91% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median32 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 86% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record8
has more rulers on record than 76% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 15 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1794 – 2047, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1940, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q29999 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.