Roman Empire

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Rulers

The line of Roman emperor - the office this state names as its head of state.

100 rulers, 79 with terms dated as terms, covering 27 BCE – 395. Median reign 3 years. 60 of 78 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

3.48 million km² in 2 BCE, 4.14 million km² in 373; at its largest 5.26 million km² in 123. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

• How long it stood422 years

  stood longer than 82% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.

• The most ground it held5,258,400 km²

  held more ground at its peak than 98% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.

• Wars recorded per century1.2

  had more wars on record per century than 96% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.

• How long a reign lasted, at the median3 years

  had longer reigns, at the median, than 9% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.

• Rulers on record100

  has more rulers on record than 99% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 9 causes the record names and 3 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.