Decade · 49 BCE – 40 BCE
The world in the 40s BCE
From 49 BCE to 40 BCE the atlas holds 85 states standing at some time. 26 things began - Commentarii de Bello Gallico, Caesar's civil war and Battle of Pharsalus among them - and 5 ended; 18 people were born and 39 died, 2 of all these dated only to the decade.
Its years
The years of the decade with a page of their own: ten or more things dated to the year.
What began in the 40s BCE
By kind, the best known first.
Wars and battles 23
- Caesar's civil war · war · 49 – 45 BCE
- Battle of Pharsalus · battle · 48 BCE
- Battle of Philippi · battle · 42 BCE
- Battle of Munda · battle · 45 BCE
- Battle of Thapsus · battle · 46 BCE
- Battle of Zela · battle · 47 BCE
- Liberators' civil war · war · 43 – 42 BCE
- Battle of Dyrrhachium · battle · 48 BCE
and 15 more in the atlas.
Unrest and atrocity 1
- Assassination of Julius Caesar · atrocity · 44 BCE
Treaties 1
- peace of Brundisium · treaty · 40 BCE
Works and ideas 1
- Commentarii de Bello Gallico · literature · 49 BCE
What ended in the 40s BCE
States 1
- Kingdom of Numidia · state · 202 – 46 BCE
Wars and battles 4
- Caesar's civil war · war · 49 – 45 BCE
- Liberators' civil war · war · 43 – 42 BCE
- Perusine War · war · 41 – 40 BCE
- War of Mutina · war · 44 – 42 BCE
Born and died
Born 18
- Ovid · poet · 43 BCE – 17 CE
- Tiberius · politician · 42 BCE – 37 CE
- Propertius · poet · 47 – 16 BCE
- Caesarion · ruler · 47 – 30 BCE
- Wang Mang · ruler · 45 BCE – 23 CE
- Cleopatra Selene II · monarch · 40 – 5 BCE
- Juba II · politician · 48 BCE – 23 CE
- Musa of Parthia · politician · 46 BCE – 100 CE
- Marcellus · politician · 42 – 23 BCE
- Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus · politician · 49 BCE – 25 CE
- Marcus Antonius Antyllus · person · 47 – 30 BCE
- Iullus Antonius · politician · 43 – 2 BCE
- Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus · politician · 48 BCE – 32 CE
- Paullus Fabius Maximus · politician · 41 BCE – 14 CE
- Cornelia · person · 48 – 18 BCE
- Marcus Valerius Messalla Appianus · politician · 45 – 12 BCE
and 2 more in the atlas.
Died 39
- Julius Caesar · ruler · 100 – 44 BCE
- Cicero · philosopher · 107 – 43 BCE
- Pompey · politician · 106 – 48 BCE
- Marcus Junius Brutus · philosopher · 85 – 42 BCE
- Vercingetorix · military personnel · 80 – 46 BCE
- Cato the Younger · politician · 95 – 46 BCE
- Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator · ruler · 62 – 47 BCE
- Gaius Cassius Longinus · politician · 82 – 42 BCE
- Ptolemy XIV Philopator · ruler · 60 – 44 BCE
- Arsinoe IV · ruler · 68 – 41 BCE
- Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus · military leader · 85 – 43 BCE
- Titus Labienus · military leader · 98 – 45 BCE
- Aristobulus II · ruler · 100 – 49 BCE
- Aulus Hirtius · politician · 90 – 43 BCE
- Atia · person · 85 – 43 BCE
- Juba I of Numidia · person · 85 – 46 BCE
and 23 more in the atlas.
States of the 40s BCE
The states that stood at some time in the 40s BCE, by region, the best known first, with who held the highest office in 49 BCE.
Europe12 states
- Ancient Greece · 1201 BCE – 600 CE
- Ancient Rome · 753 BCE – 476 CE · Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Roman consul since 49 BCE and Gaius Claudius Marcellus, Roman consul since 49 BCE
- Roman Republic · 509 – 27 BCE · Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Roman consul since 49 BCE and Gaius Claudius Marcellus, Roman consul since 49 BCE
- Sarmatians · 200 BCE – 370 CE
- Dacia · 60 BCE – 106 CE
- Bosporan Kingdom · 437 BCE – 370 CE · Pharnaces II of Pontus, King of the Bosporus since 63 BCE
- Odrysian kingdom · 460 BCE – 46 CE
- Lazica · 101 BCE – 700 CE
and 4 more; every state of Europe.
Middle East and North Africa34 states
- Ancient Egypt · 4001 – 30 BCE · Cleopatra, pharaoh since 51 BCE
- Babylon · 1894 BCE – 1 CE
- Troy · 3000 BCE – 500 CE
- Rhodes · 188 BCE – 1249 CE
- Parthian Empire · 247 BCE – 224 CE
- Persian Empire · 550 BCE – 1979 CE
- Kingdom of Aksum · 401 BCE – 960 CE
- Kingdom of Numidia · 202 – 46 BCE · Masinissa II, King of Numidia since 81 BCE and Juba I of Numidia, King of Numidia since 60 BCE
and 26 more; every state of Middle East and North Africa.
South Asia17 states
- Chola dynasty · 300 BCE – 1279 CE
- Gandhara · 751 BCE – 535 CE
- Indo-Greek Kingdom · 180 BCE – 10 CE
- Indo-Scythian Kingdom · 200 BCE – 400 CE
- Yuezhi · 404 BCE – 42 CE
- Satavahana dynasty · 230 BCE – 220 CE
- Pandya dynasty · 300 BCE – 1650 CE
- Kanva dynasty · 70 – 25 BCE
and 9 more; every state of South Asia.
East and Southeast Asia13 states
- Han dynasty · 206 BCE – 220 CE · Emperor Xuan of Han, Emperor of China since 74 BCE
- Xiongnu · 301 BCE – 500 CE
- Silla · 57 BCE – 892 CE
- Xianbei · 208 BCE – 670 CE
- Pyu city-states · 201 BCE – 1050 CE
- Chinese Empire · 220 BCE – 1912 CE · Emperor Xuan of Han, Emperor of China since 74 BCE
- Okjeo · 301 BCE – 300 CE
- Jinhan confederacy · 91 BCE – 377 CE
and 5 more; every state of East and Southeast Asia.
Americas and Oceania3 states
- Maya civilization · 2001 BCE – 1521 CE
- Teotihuacan · 50 BCE – 704 CE
- Zapotec civilization · 6701 BCE – 1201 CE
Location unknown6 states
- Eastern Ye · 301 BCE – 500 CE
- Oddiyana · 401 BCE – 1100 CE
- Shanshan · 92 BCE – 445 CE
- Kingdom of Munster · 101 BCE – 1138 CE
- Kingdom of Rajarata · 601 BCE – 1300 CE
- Jushi Kingdom · 108 BCE – 450 CE
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 69 BCE – 20 BCE: every state, war and life of the 40s BCE, region by region.
- On the map in 44 BCE: the borders of the year, its cities under their names of the year, and what happened where.
Wikidata (CC0) · data built 2026-10-07 · Pastlas v2.13.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.