State · 1821 – present
Nicaragua
A state of 1821 – present — 205 years, still standing in the Americas and Oceania. It replaced Mosquito Coast, Mosquitia and State of Nicaragua. The atlas records 78 things within it — wars and battles 2 · unrest and atrocity 2 · famine and plague 1 · natural disasters 1 · people 72. Its line of rulers holds 96 people, 50 with dated terms.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 205 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 96
- the President of Nicaragua
- Most ground
- 133,100 km²
- in 1840
- Within it
- 78
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 10
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Mosquito Coast · replaces · 1637 – 1894
- Mosquitia · replaces
- State of Nicaragua · replaces
Rulers
The line of President of Nicaragua - the office this state names as its head of state.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruto Chamorro | 1854 – 1855 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Ponciano Corral Acosta | 1855 – 1855 | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| José María Estrada | 1855 – 1855 | under a year | exiled, imprisoned or confined, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Patricio Rivas | 1855 – 1857 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fermín Ferrer | 1856 – 1856 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| William Walker | 1856 – 1857 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Máximo Jerez | 1857 – 1857 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Tomás Martínez | 1857 – 1867 | 10 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Fernando Guzmán Solórzano | 1867 – 1871 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Vicente Cuadra | 1871 – 1875 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro | 1875 – 1879 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Joaquín Zavala | 1879 – 1883 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Adán Cárdenas | 1883 – 1887 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Evaristo Carazo | 1887 – 1889 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolás Osorno | 1889 – 1889 | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Roberto Sacasa | 1889 – 1891 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Ignacio Chaves Tellería | 1891 – 1891 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Roberto Sacasa | 1891 – 1893 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Joaquín Zavala | 1893 – 1893 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Salvador Machado | 1893 – 1893 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José Santos Zelaya | 1893 – 1909 | 16 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| José Madriz | 1909 – 1910 | 1 year | exiled, imprisoned or confined, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| José Dolores Estrada | 1910 – 1910 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Luis Mena | 1910 – 1910 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Juan José Estrada | 1910 – 1911 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Adolfo Díaz | 1911 – 1917 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Emiliano Chamorro Vargas | 1917 – 1921 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Diego Manuel Chamorro | 1921 – 1923 | 2 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Rosendo Chamorro | 1923 – 1923 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Bartolomé Martínez | 1923 – 1925 | 2 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Carlos José Solórzano | 1925 – 1926 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Sebastián Uriza | 1926 – 1926 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Emiliano Chamorro Vargas | 1926 – 1926 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Adolfo Díaz | 1926 – 1929 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| José María Moncada | 1929 – 1933 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Juan Bautista Sacasa | 1933 – 1936 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Julián Irías Sandres | 1936 – 1936 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Carlos Alberto Brenes | 1936 – 1937 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Anastasio Somoza García | 1937 – 1947 | 10 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa | 1947 – 1947 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Leonardo Argüello Barreto | 1947 – 1947 | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes | 1947 – 1950 | 3 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Manuel Fernando Zurita | 1950 – 1950 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Anastasio Somoza García | 1950 – 1956 | 6 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Luis Somoza Debayle | 1956 – 1963 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | child |
| René Schick | 1963 – 1966 | 3 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Orlando Montenegro Medrano | 1966 – 1966 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Lorenzo Guerrero | 1966 – 1967 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Anastasio Somoza Debayle | 1967 – 1972 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Anastasio Somoza Debayle | 1974 – 1979 | 5 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Francisco Urcuyo | 1979 – 1979 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Daniel Ortega | 1985 – 1990 | 5 years | lost an election, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Violeta Chamorro | 1990 – 1997 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Arnoldo Alemán | 1997 – 2002 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| Enrique Bolaños | 2002 – 2007 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Daniel Ortega | 2007 – 2025 | 18 years | ending not on record | |
| Rosario Murillo | 2025 – in office | in office since 2025 | still in office | spouse |
| Daniel Ortega | 2025 – in office | in office since 2025 | still in office | spouse |
96 rulers, 50 with terms dated as terms, covering 1854 – 2025. Median reign 2 years. 6 of 57 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.88, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
133,100 km² in 1841, 133,100 km² in 2021; at its largest 133,100 km² in 1841. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
flag, 1823 – 1824Flag of the United Provinces of Central America · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Huhsunqu 
flag, 1824 – 1839Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Huhsunqu .svg/120px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_(1839-1858).svg.png)
flag, 1839 – 1858Flag of Nicaragua (1839-1858) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_(1858-1889_and_1893-1896).svg.png)
flag, 1858 – 1889Flag of Nicaragua (1858-1889 and 1893-1896) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_(1889%E2%80%931893).svg.png)
flag, 1889 – 1893Flag of Nicaragua (1889–1893) · Public domain flag, 1893 – 1896Flag of Nicaragua (1858-1889 and 1893-1896) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_(1896%E2%80%931908).svg.png)
flag, 1896 – 1908Flag of Nicaragua (1896–1908) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_(1908%E2%80%931971).svg.png)
flag, 1908 – 1971Flag of Nicaragua (1908–1971) · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1908Coat of arms of Nicaragua · Attribution 
flag, from 1971Flag of Nicaragua · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1800 – 189949 rows · 1 wars and battles
- Augusto César Sandino · commander · 1895 – 1934
- Anastasio Somoza García · ruler · 1896 – 1956
- Banana Wars · war · 1898 – 1934
- William Walker · ruler · 1824 – 1860
- Juan Bautista Sacasa · ruler · 1874 – 1946
- Adolfo Díaz · ruler · 1875 – 1964
- José Santos Zelaya · ruler · 1853 – 1919
- José María Moncada · ruler · 1870 – 1945
and 41 more in the atlas.
1900 – 199919 rows · 1 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Daniel Ortega · ruler · 1945 – present
- Violeta Chamorro · ruler · 1929 – 2025
- Anastasio Somoza Debayle · ruler · 1925 – 1980
- Nicaraguan Revolution · unrest · 1961 – 1990
- Enrique Bolaños · ruler · 1928 – 2021
- Rosario Murillo · ruler · 1951 – present
- Arnoldo Alemán · ruler · 1946 – present
- Luis Somoza Debayle · ruler · 1922 – 1967
and 11 more in the atlas.
2000 – 20992 rows · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- 2018 Nicaraguan protests · unrest · 2018
- COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua · plague · 2020
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood205 years
stood longer than 63% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held133,100 km²
held more ground at its peak than 52% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per century1.0
had more wars on record per century than 93% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median2 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 5% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record96
has more rulers on record than 99% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 3 causes the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1800 – 2047, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1840, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q811 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.