State · 1960 – present
Madagascar
A state of 1960 – present — 66 years, still standing in sub-Saharan Africa. It replaced French Madagascar. The atlas records 15 things within it — regime change 1 · unrest and atrocity 1 · famine and plague 1 · people 12. Its line of rulers holds 13 people.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 66 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 13
- the President of Madagascar
- Most ground
- 618,100 km²
- in 1960
- Within it
- 15
- recorded rows
- Symbols
- 2
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- French Madagascar · replaces
Rulers
The line of President of Madagascar - the office this state names as its head of state.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philibert Tsiranana | 1959 – 1972 | 13 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gabriel Ramanantsoa | 1972 – 1975 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Richard Ratsimandrava | 1975 – 1975 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Gilles Andriamahazo | 1975 – 1975 | under a year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Didier Ratsiraka | 1975 – 1993 | 18 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Albert Zafy | 1993 – 1996 | 3 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Norbert Ratsirahonana | 1996 – 1997 | 1 year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Didier Ratsiraka | 1997 – 2002 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Marc Ravalomanana | 2002 – 2009 | 7 years | ending not on record | |
| Hyppolite Ramaroson | 2009 – 2009 | under a year | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Andry Rajoelina | 2009 – 2014 | 5 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Hery Rajaonarimampianina | 2014 – 2018 | 4 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Rivo Rakotovao | 2018 – 2019 | 1 year | ending not on record | |
| Andry Rajoelina | 2019 – 2025 | 6 years | deposed or removedWikidata's end cause on the term | |
| Michael Randrianirina | 2025 – in office | in office since 2025 | still in office |
13 rulers, 13 with terms dated as terms, covering 1959 – 2025. Median reign 3.5 years. 7 of 14 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.73, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Heads of government
The line of Prime Minister of Madagascar, drawn and never measured: a cabinet is not a reign.
| Gabriel Ramanantsoa | lived 1906 – 1979 |
| Philibert Tsiranana | lived 1912 – 1978 |
| Joel Rakotomalala | lived 1929 – 1976 |
| Justin Rakotoniaina | lived 1933 – 2001 |
| Pascal Rakotomavo | lived 1934 – 2010 |
| Désiré Rakotoarijaona | lived 1934 – … |
| Norbert Ratsirahonana | lived 1938 – … |
| Francisque Ravony | lived 1942 – 2003 |
| Victor Ramahatra | lived 1945 – … |
| Guy Razanamasy | 1991 – 1993 |
| Emmanuel Rakotovahiny | 1995 – 1996 |
| Tantely Andrianarivo | 1998 – 2002 |
| Jacques Sylla | 2002 – 2007 |
| Jean-Jacques Rasolondraibe | 2002 – 2002 |
| Charles Rabemananjara | 2007 – 2009 |
| Cécile Manorohanta | 2009 – 2009 |
| Albert Camille Vital | 2009 – 2011 |
| Monja Roindefo | 2009 – 2009 |
| Eugène Mangalaza | 2009 – 2009 |
| Omer Beriziky | 2011 – 2014 |
| Roger Kolo | 2014 – 2015 |
| Jean Ravelonarivo | 2015 – 2016 |
| Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana | 2016 – 2018 |
| Christian Ntsay | 2018 – 2025 |
| Ruphin Zafisambo | 2025 – 2025 |
| Herintsalama Rajaonarivelo | 2025 – … |
| Mamitiana Rajaonarison | 2026 – … |
Ground held, by year
km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.
618,100 km² in 1960, 618,100 km² in 2020; at its largest 618,100 km² in 1960. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
flag, from 1958Flag of Madagascar · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1959Seal of Madagascar · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1900 – 199912 rows
- Andry Rajoelina · ruler · 1974 – present
- Marc Ravalomanana · ruler · 1949 – present
- Hery Rajaonarimampianina · ruler · 1958 – present
- Didier Ratsiraka · ruler · 1936 – 2021
- Albert Zafy · ruler · 1927 – 2017
- Gabriel Ramanantsoa · ruler · 1906 – 1979
- Michael Randrianirina · ruler · 1974 – present
- Richard Ratsimandrava · ruler · 1931 – 1975
and 4 more in the atlas.
2000 – 20993 rows · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres
- COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar · plague · 2020
- 2025 Malagasy coup d'état · adverse regime change · 2025
- 2025 Malagasy protests · unrest · 2025
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood66 years
stood longer than 38% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- The most ground it held618,100 km²
held more ground at its peak than 77% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median4 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 13% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record13
has more rulers on record than 85% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1950 – 2036, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1960, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q1019 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.