Rashidun Caliphate

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Rulers

The line of Rashidun - the office this state names as its head of state.

5 rulers, 5 with terms dated as terms, covering 632 – 661. Only 29 years of the line are dated - too short for a median. 2 of 4 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.87, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

3.21 million km² in 637, 5.87 million km² in 661; at its largest 7.10 million km² in 647. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flag or arms

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

• How long it stood29 years

  stood longer than 26% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.

• The most ground it held7,099,600 km²

  held more ground at its peak than 98% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.

• Wars recorded per century1.0

  had more wars on record per century than 94% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.

• Rulers on record5

  has more rulers on record than 64% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 17 causes the record names and 1 result, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

• Demographic-structural breakdown

  Goldstone 1991 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009

  Applies by its own logic: 3 of its 3 conditions held here (it needs 2), and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — unrest, adverse regime change or the state's ending.

  • famine, plague or disaster within 30 y in the state, or population up 25% over 50 y — prior
  • overlapping reigns — rival claimants — within 20 y, or 3 or more changes of ruler within 20 y, or 2 or more reigns of two years or less within 20 y, or a monarch deposed or killed within 20 y — handovers 3
  • a war the state is fighting, still under way, or a war the state fought, ended within 10 y — warOngoing