State · 1136 – 1909

Kedah Sultanate

A state of 1136 – 1909 — 773 years in East and Southeast Asia. It replaced History of Kedah. The atlas records 7 things within it — people 7. Its line of rulers holds 26 people. Its own article says it was dissolved.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 773 years; 1136 – 1909
Rulers: 26; the Sultan of Kedah
Most ground: 18,700 km²; in 1294
Within it: 7; recorded rows

Map: Kedah Sultanate in 1294, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Kedah Sultanate in 1294, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 18,700 km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Kedah Sultanate in 1139, first mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Kedah Sultanate in 1294, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

History of Kedah · replaces · 200 – 1136

How it ended, as its article says

Dissolved. Read from the article's section “lead” by its grammar; the claim is only that the article says so.

Its monarchy was abolished after it was added to the Malayan Union but was restored and added to the Malayan Union's successor, the Federation of Malaya.

One sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Rulers

The line of Sultan of Kedah.

killed, executed or dead in battledied in officeleft alive by a regular roadending not on recorda second row: a reign that began before the last had ended — rival claimants, or a shared throne

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Sultan Mudzafar Shah I	1136 – 1179	43 years	died in office, manner not recordedWikidata's end cause on the term
Sultan Mu'adzam Shah	1179 – 1201	22 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Muhammad Shah of Kedah	1201 – 1236	35 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Mudzaffar Shah II	1236 – 1280	44 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Mahmud Shah I	1280 – 1321	41 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Ibrahim Shah	1321 – 1373	52 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Sulaiman Shah I	1373 – 1422	49 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Ataullah Muhammad Shah I	1422 – 1472	50 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin I	1472 – 1506	34 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Mahmud Shah II	1506 – 1546	40 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Mudzaffar Shah III	1546 – 1602	56 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Sulaiman Shah II	1602 – 1625	23 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah	1625 – 1651	26 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur Shah	1651 – 1661	10 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Dziaddin Mukarram Shah	1661 – 1687	26 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Ataullah Muhammad Shah II	1687 – 1698	11 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah	1698 – 1706	8 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I	1706 – 1709	3 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	child
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II of Kedah	1710 – 1778	68 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling
Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah	1778 – 1797	19 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II of Kedah	1797 – 1803	6 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone	sibling
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II	1803 – 1821	18 years	left office aliveread off the dates alone
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II	1842 – 1845	3 years	the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone
Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I of Kedah	1843 – 1854	11 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah of Kedah	1854 – 1879	25 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	child
Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II of Kedah	1879 – 1881	2 years	killedWikidata's manner of death	child
Abdul Hamid Halim of Kedah	1881 – 1943	62 years	died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone	sibling

26 rulers, 26 with terms dated as terms, covering 1136 – 1943. Median reign 26 years. 2 of 26 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

13,200 km² in 1161, 9,700 km² in 1909; at its largest 18,700 km² in 1311. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1900 – 19991 row

Tunku Abdul Rahman · politician · 1903 – 1990

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood773 years
stood longer than 94% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held18,700 km²
held more ground at its peak than 20% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median26 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 77% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record26
has more rulers on record than 94% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linked

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1059 – 1986, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1294, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q1317579 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · one sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0 · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.