State · 855 – 959

Lotharingia

A state of 855 – 959 — 104 years in Europe. The atlas records 3 things within it — treaties 2 · people 1. Its line of rulers holds 4 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 104 years; 855 – 959
Rulers: 4; the king of Franks
Most ground: 383,600 km²; in 850
Within it: 3; recorded rows

Map: Lotharingia in 850, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Lotharingia in 850, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 383,600 km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Lotharingia in 850, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Lotharingia in 899, last mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.

Rulers

The line of king of Franks.

died in officeending not on record

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Lothair II	855 – 869	14 years	died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death
Zvendibalt	895 – 900	5 years	ending not on record
Louis the Child	900 – 900	under a year	ending not on record	sibling
Bruno the Great	953 – 965	12 years	ending not on record

4 rulers, 4 with terms dated as terms, covering 855 – 965. Median reign 8.5 years. 0 of 3 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

383,600 km² in 855. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

800 – 8993 rows

Lothair II · ruler · 827 – 869
Treaty of Meerssen · treaty · 870
Treaty of Prüm · treaty · 855

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood104 years
stood longer than 48% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held383,600 km²
held more ground at its peak than 69% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median12 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 41% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record4
has more rulers on record than 58% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 104

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 845 – 969, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 850, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q6673921 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.