State · 1820 – 1970

Muscat and Oman

A state of 1820 – 1970 — 150 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It replaced Sultanate of Muscat. It was replaced by Sultanate of Zanzibar. The atlas records 3 things within it — wars and battles 1 · people 2. Its line of rulers holds 8 people.

For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.

Stood: 150 years; 1820 – 1970
Rulers: 8; the Sultan
Most ground: 324,000 km²; in 1922
Within it: 3; recorded rows
Symbols: 2; on record, with years

Map: Muscat and Oman in 1922, its borders in gold among its neighbours — Muscat and Oman in 1922, when it held the most ground the borders dataset draws for it: 324,000 km². Its neighbours wear their tints, as on the atlas's own map. Borders from Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0), coast and rivers from Natural Earth, cities from Reba, Reitsma & Seto 2016 (CC BY 4.0), each city under the name it bore that year.

Muscat and Oman in 1820, first mapped — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Muscat and Oman in 1922, at its largest — The rise and the fall in one frame: the same ground at the years the borders dataset first maps it, maps it largest, and last maps it.

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.

Before and after

The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.

Before it

Sultanate of Muscat · replaces

After it

Sultanate of Zanzibar · replaced by · 1861 – 1890

Rulers

Read from the state’s own English article and its rulers’ articles, where Wikidata names no ruler.

deposed, abdicated, exiled or removedending not on record

Ruler	Reign	Length	How it ended · source	To the ruler before
Thuwaini bin Said Al Busaidi	1855 – 1866	11 years	ending not on record
Salim bin Thuwaini Al Busaidi	1866 – 1868	2 years	ending not on record	child
Azzan bin Qais	1868 – 1871	3 years	ending not on record
Turki bin Said Al Busaidi	1871 – 1888	17 years	ending not on record
Faisal bin Turki Al Busaidi	1888 – 1913	25 years	ending not on record	child
Taimur bin Faisal Al Said	1913 – 1932	19 years	abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article	child
Said bin Taimur	1932 – 1970	38 years	ending not on record	child
Qaboos bin Said	1970 – 1970	under a year	ending not on record	child

8 rulers, 8 with terms dated as terms, covering 1855 – 1970. Median reign 14 years. 1 of 7 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

79,100 km² in 1820, 308,400 km² in 1940; at its largest 324,000 km² in 1930. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Flags and arms, in order

Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.

coat of arms, undatedNational emblem of Oman · OGL-om 1.0 · See File history below for details.
flag, undatedFlag of Muscat · Public domain

What happened within it, by century

Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.

1800 – 18991 row

Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar · ruler · 1857 – 1896

1900 – 19992 rows · 1 wars and battles

Said bin Taimur · ruler · 1910 – 1972
Kuwait–Najd War · war · 1919 – 1920

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

How long it stood150 years
stood longer than 55% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
The most ground it held324,000 km²
held more ground at its peak than 67% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.
Wars recorded per century0.7
had more wars on record per century than 91% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
How long a reign lasted, at the median17 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 54% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
Rulers on record8
has more rulers on record than 76% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

linked

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending and 1 some of them; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 150

Open in the atlas

On the timeline, 1805 – 1985, with everything that stood beside it.
On the map in 1922, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.

Wikidata Q157734 (CC0) · borders Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0 · coast and rivers Natural Earth · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.