State · 1537 – 1649
Duchy of Castro
A state of 1537 – 1649 — 112 years in Europe. The atlas records 1 thing within it — wars and battles 1. Its line of rulers holds 1 person.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 112 years
- 1537 – 1649
- Rulers
- 1
- the Duke of Castro
- Within it
- 1
- recorded row
- Symbols
- 2
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.
Rulers
Read from the state’s own English article and its rulers’ articles, where Wikidata names no ruler.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranuccio II Farnese | 1646 – 1649 | 3 years | ending not on record |
1 rulers, 1 with terms dated as terms, covering 1646 – 1649. Only 3 years of the line are dated - too short for a median. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
coat of arms, undatedDuchy of Castro CoA · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Sarang , Mercury13 & Fauntleroy (original works); Mess (derivative work) 
flag, undatedFlag of the Duchy of Parma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Lexicon
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1600 – 16991 row · 1 wars and battles
- Battle of Orbetello · battle · 1646
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood112 years
stood longer than 49% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- Rulers on record1
has more rulers on record than 13% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
Theories that apply to its ending
Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.
Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 112
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1526 – 1660, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1593, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q1615411 (CC0) · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.