Riau-Lingga Sultanate

Where it sits in time

Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold.

How it ended, as its article says

Conquered by Dutch officially. Read from the article's section “History - Aftermath” by its grammar; the claim is only that the article says so.

The Dutch officially annexed the sultanate to avoid future claims from the monarchy.

One sentence of the English Wikipedia article, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Rulers

Read from the state’s own English article and its rulers’ articles, where Wikidata names no ruler.

1 rulers, 1 with terms dated as terms, covering 1818 – 1832. Only 14 years of the line are dated - too short for a median. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.

Ground held, by year

km² inside its borders as the borders dataset draws them, measured on an equal-area grid; a step series, held between the years the dataset maps.

104,300 km² in 1829, 104,300 km² in 1849; at its largest 104,300 km² in 1829. Cliopatria, CC BY 4.0.

Among all states

Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.

• How long it stood92 years

  stood longer than 45% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.

• The most ground it held104,300 km²

  held more ground at its peak than 46% of 1,465 states with a border in Cliopatria.

• Wars recorded per centurynone

  had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.

• Rulers on record1

  has more rulers on record than 13% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.

What led to it, and what came of it

The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 0 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.

Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.

Theories that apply to its ending

Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.

• Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling

  Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009

  Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.

  • the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 92