State · 1661 – 1683
Kingdom of Tungning
A state of 1661 – 1683 — 22 years in East and Southeast Asia. It replaced Dutch Formosa. It was replaced by Qing dynasty and Taiwan under Qing rule and followed by Taiwan Fu. The atlas records 2 things within it — wars and battles 1 · trade and piracy 1. Its line of rulers holds 3 people.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 22 years
- 1661 – 1683
- Rulers
- 3
- the monarch
- Within it
- 2
- recorded rows
- Symbol
- 1
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Dutch Formosa · replaces
After it
- Qing dynasty · replaced by · 1616 – 1912
- Taiwan Fu · followed by
- Taiwan under Qing rule · replaced by · 1683 – 1895
Rulers
The line of monarch.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koxinga | 1661 – 1662 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Zheng Jing | 1662 – 1681 | 19 years | ending not on record | child |
| Zheng Keshuang | 1681 – 1683 | 2 years | ending not on record | child |
3 rulers, 3 with terms dated as terms, covering 1661 – 1683. Only 22 years of the line are dated - too short for a median. 0 of 2 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.61, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Flag or arms
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
flag, undatedFlag of Ming Cheng · Public domain
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
1600 – 16992 rows · 1 wars and battles
- Koxinga · pirate · 1624 – 1662
- Battle of Penghu · battle · 1683
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood22 years
stood longer than 23% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- Rulers on record3
has more rulers on record than 48% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 2 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 1651 – 1693, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1672, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q152855 (CC0) · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.