State · 481 – present
France
A state of 481 – present — 1,545 years, still standing in Europe. It replaced Kingdom of France, Rauracian Republic and Republic of Bouillon and 2 more and followed Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire). Its line of rulers holds 34 people, 33 with dated terms.
- Still standing: the span runs to the year of the build, 2026.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 1,545 years
- and still standing
- Rulers
- 34
- the President of the French Republic
- Symbols
- 11
- on record, with years
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Republic of Bouillon · replaces · 1794 – 1795
- Kingdom of Bora Bora · replaces
- Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune · replaces · 1848 – 1861
- Rauracian Republic · replaces · 1792 – 1793
- Kingdom of France · replaces · 987 – 1791
- Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) · follows · 774 – 1806
Rulers
The line of President of the French Republic - the office this state names as its head of state.
1 terms are shared from [object Object].
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles X of France · from the line of Kingdom of France | 1824 – 1830 | 6 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure | 1848 – 1848 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Louis-Eugène Cavaignac | 1848 – 1848 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Napoleon III | 1848 – 1852 | 4 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Louis-Jules Trochu | 1870 – 1871 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Adolphe Thiers | 1871 – 1873 | 2 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Patrice de MacMahon | 1873 – 1879 | 6 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Jules Grévy | 1879 – 1887 | 8 years | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Sadi Carnot | 1887 – 1894 | 7 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Charles Dupuy | 1894 – 1894 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Jean Casimir-Perier | 1894 – 1895 | 1 year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Félix Faure | 1895 – 1899 | 4 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Émile Loubet | 1899 – 1906 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Armand Fallières | 1906 – 1913 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Raymond Poincaré | 1913 – 1920 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Paul Deschanel | 1920 – 1920 | under a year | deposed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Alexandre Millerand | 1920 – 1924 | 4 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Frédéric François-Marsal | 1924 – 1924 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Gaston Doumergue | 1924 – 1931 | 7 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Paul Doumer | 1931 – 1932 | 1 year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Albert Lebrun | 1932 – 1940 | 8 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Georges Bidault | 1946 – 1946 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Vincent Auriol | 1947 – 1954 | 7 years | resigned or stood down, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| René Coty | 1954 – 1959 | 5 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Charles de Gaulle | 1959 – 1969 | 10 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Alain Poher | 1969 – 1969 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Georges Pompidou | 1969 – 1974 | 5 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Alain Poher | 1974 – 1974 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Valéry Giscard d'Estaing | 1974 – 1981 | 7 years | lost an election, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| François Mitterrand | 1981 – 1995 | 14 years | served out the term, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Jacques Chirac | 1995 – 2007 | 12 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Nicolas Sarkozy | 2007 – 2012 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| François Hollande | 2012 – 2017 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| Emmanuel Macron | 2017 – in office | in office since 2017 | still in office |
34 rulers, 33 with terms dated as terms, covering 1824 – 2017. Median reign 5 years. 5 of 33 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. The violent-handover count is withheld: power changed hands so often that any rising falls beside one (exposure 0.71, limit 0.6). A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Heads of government
The line of Prime Minister of France, drawn and never measured: a cabinet is not a reign.
| Cardinal Mazarin | 1642 – 1661 |
| Émile Loubet | 1892 – 1892 |
| Raymond Poincaré | 1926 – 1929 |
| Gaston Doumergue | 1934 – 1934 |
| Paul Reynaud | 1940 – 1940 |
| Georges Bidault | 1946 – 1946 |
| Charles de Gaulle | 1959 – 1959 |
| Michel Debré | 1959 – 1962 |
| Georges Pompidou | 1962 – 1968 |
| Maurice Couve de Murville | 1968 – 1969 |
| Jacques Chaban-Delmas | 1969 – 1972 |
| Pierre Messmer | 1972 – 1974 |
| Jacques Chirac | 1974 – 1976 |
| Raymond Barre | 1976 – 1981 |
| Pierre Mauroy | 1981 – 1984 |
| Laurent Fabius | 1984 – 1986 |
| Jacques Chirac | 1986 – 1988 |
| Michel Rocard | 1988 – 1991 |
| Édith Cresson | 1991 – 1992 |
| Pierre Bérégovoy | 1992 – 1993 |
| Édouard Balladur | 1993 – 1995 |
| Alain Juppé | 1995 – 1997 |
| Lionel Jospin | 1997 – 2002 |
| Jean-Pierre Raffarin | 2002 – 2005 |
| Dominique de Villepin | 2005 – 2007 |
| François Fillon | 2007 – 2012 |
| Jean-Marc Ayrault | 2012 – 2014 |
| Manuel Valls | 2014 – 2016 |
| Bernard Cazeneuve | 2016 – 2017 |
| Édouard Philippe | 2017 – 2020 |
| Jean Castex | 2020 – 2022 |
| Élisabeth Borne | 2022 – 2024 |
| François Bayrou | 2024 – 2025 |
| Gabriel Attal | 2024 – 2024 |
| Michel Barnier | 2024 – 2024 |
| Sébastien Lecornu | 2025 – … |
Flags and arms, in order
Each symbol with the years its own statement gives; the timeline flies the one of the year on screen.
.svg/120px-Flag_of_France_(XII-XIII).svg.png)
flag, 1101 – 1300Flag of France (XII-XIII) · Public domain 
flag, 1301 – 1600Bannière de France style 1500 · CC BY 3.0 · Ec.Domnowall 
flag, 1638 – 1790Royal Standard of the King of France · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Sodacan .svg/120px-Flag_of_France_(1790%E2%80%931794).svg.png)
flag, 1790 – 1794Flag of France (1790–1794) · Public domain 
flag, 1794 – 1814Flag of France · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_France_(1814%E2%80%931830).svg.png)
flag, 1815 – 1830Flag of France (1814–1830) · Public domain flag, 1830 – 1958Flag of France · Public domain 
coat of arms, from 1953Arms of the French Republic · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_France_(1958%E2%80%931976).svg.png)
flag, 1958 – 1974Flag of France (1958–1976) · Public domain .svg/120px-Flag_of_France_(1974%E2%80%932020).svg.png)
flag, 1974 – 2020Flag of France (1974–2020) · Public domain flag, from 2020Flag of France · Public domain
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood1,545 years
stood longer than 99% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median5 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 18% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record34
has more rulers on record than 96% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 326 – 2181, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 1254, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q142 (CC0) · symbols from Wikimedia Commons, each credited above · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.