State · 2613 – 2498 BCE
Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
A state of 2613 – 2498 BCE — 115 years in the Middle East and North Africa. It followed Third Dynasty of Egypt. It was followed by Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. Its line of rulers holds 3 people.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 115 years
- 2613 BCE – 2498 BCE
- Rulers
- 3
- the pharaoh
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- Third Dynasty of Egypt · follows · 2686 – 2613 BCE
After it
- Fifth Dynasty of Egypt · followed by · 2498 – 2345 BCE
Rulers
The line of pharaoh.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sneferu | 2613 BCE – 2589 BCE | 24 years | ending not on record | |
| Djedefre | 2580 BCE – 2570 BCE | 10 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | grandchild |
| Khafre | 2570 BCE – 2530 BCE | 40 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | sibling |
3 rulers, 3 with terms dated as terms, covering 2613 BCE – 2530 BCE. Median reign 24 years. 0 of 2 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood115 years
stood longer than 50% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- Wars recorded per centurynone
had more wars on record per century than 44% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median24 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 72% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record3
has more rulers on record than 48% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 1 cause the record names and 1 result, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Theories that apply to its ending
Of 3 theories of why states fall, 1 has every condition present at this ending; each is applied by its own logic, condition by condition, and whether its authors named this case is a footnote.
Dynastic cycle and the decay of group feeling
Ibn Khaldun 1377 · Turchin & Nefedov 2009
Applies by its own logic: the condition it names held here, and this is the kind of outcome it predicts — adverse regime change or the state's ending.
- the state 90 to 160 years old — ageBand 115
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 2625 BCE – 2486 BCE, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 2555 BCE, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q211001 (CC0) · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.